5.3 Lean production and quality management
EFFICIENCY AND WASTE
Efficiency
How much gets produced (output) compared with the inputs
Better efficiency reduces costs
Waste
Any part of the production process that does not add value to the final consumer
7 main types
Transportation
Inventory
Motion
Waiting
Over-processing
Over-production
Defects
LEAN PRODUCTION
An umbrella term that covers a range of techniques aimed at reducing waste
Methods
Kaizen
Just in time
Kanban
Andon
Continuous improvement
Minimise costs by reducing or even eliminating the stock being held by a firm
Regulates the supply of components in a factory through the use of a card system
Is a notification system that alerts workers to potential problems in the manufacturing process
CRADLE-TO-CRADLE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING
Model of designing and creating producs so as to minimise negative effects on the environment and all stakeholders
5 areas to apply it
Material safety
Material reuse
Use of renewable energy
Water conservation
Social fairness
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
A quality product meets, or esceeds, the needs of its target market
Methods
Quality control
Quality assurance
Quality improvement
Occurs at the end of the production process
Attempts to overcome design, process, delivery and inspections
Total quality management, quality circles and brenchmarking