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Red Flags (TUNA FISH (Neurological symptoms (Bladder/bowel problems,…
Red Flags
TUNA FISH
Tumour or metastases
Non-mechanical pain
5-30% of systemic cancer patients
Various parts of the spine
Unexplained weight loss
Tumours require energy to grow
Neurological symptoms
Bladder/bowel problems
Inability to walk
Foot drop
Saddle paraesthesia
Sexual dysfunction
Age >50 or <20
50 higher risk of malignancy
<20 Unusual presentation for LBP
Immunodeficiency (including IVDU)
Weakened immune system
Diabetes
IV Drug Use
HIV
Infection
Systemically unwell
General Malaise
reduced capacity to withstand ill health
increased risk of infection
History of carcinoma
Risk of metastases
Fever
Night sweat
Signs of systemically unwell
increased metabolic cost
Night Pain
Non-mechanical back pain
potential sign of serious pathology
Can get to sleep but wakes with pain
causes of back pain
Structural
Mechanical
Facet joint arthritis
Prolapsed IVD
Spondylolysis / Spinal stenosis
Inflammatory
Sacroiliitis
Spondyloarthropathies
Infection
Osteomyelitis
Metabolic
Osteoperotic Vertebral Collapse
Paget's disease
Osteomalacia
Neoplasm
Cancer
Prostate
Breast
Cauda Equina