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history homework week 2 (Medieval and Renaissance methods of prevention…
history homework week 2
Medieval and Renaissance methods of prevention
people during the Renaissance believed that moderation would prevent disease so people ,
avoided draughts
avoided exhaustion
avoided rich and fatty foods
avoided too much strong alcohol
avoided being too lazy
cleanliness
this continued from the middle ages and people still believed that body and the house had to be clean from bad smells, however, bathing had become less fashionable since the arrival of syphilis.many people rubbed them selves with linen and changed their clothes instead of going to bathhouses
regimen sanitatis, this belief of prevention continued well into the renaissance. it was still seen as an important way to prevent disease.
purifying the air
The idea of purifying the air was still seen as an important idea that had continued into the Renaissance from the Middle Ages. However, more steps were taken to remove miasma from the air. Homeowners were fined for not cleaning the street outside their home.
Industrial Revolution methods of prevention Edward Jenner and Smallpox
Jenner noticed that the milkmaids he treated for cowpox did not get smallpox even though those around them did who did not get cowpox, Jenner deduced that the two must be related.Jenner tested this theory in 1796 with a local boy who injected with cowpox,six weeks later he injected him with smallpox the local boy did not get smallpox, he repeated this risky experiment 24 times with the same results.
although Jenner had tested it several times, he had no way of proving the science behind it or was caused it to happen therefore the church and the royal society did not agree with Jenner and refused to publish his work or acknowledge it but in the late 1800s the government forced the smallpox vaccinations on the people due to the large smallpox outbreak
Industrial Revolution methods of prevention
John Snow and Cholera
cholera was a feared disease in the 1800s as it had caused sickness and diarrhea and but before john snow did his board street pump epidemic he did have some theorys on cholera like : however john snow at the time did not have any scientific evidence to backup his theory
cholera could not be transmitted by miasma because it affected the guts, not the lungs
drinking water was contaminated by cholera-ridden faeces being disposed of in the drains
cholera was spread by drinking dirty water
the cholera epidemic in Soho 1854 a cholera outbreak happened in Soho, he investigated the epidemic and made a map of all the deaths round the Soho and found that most deaths happened near the board street pump and he was so convinced that the broad street pump was causing the out break that he conducted door to door enquirers to gather more evidence about where people got their drinking water.
john snows finding
500 fatal cholera cases had occurred within an area of 200 metres around the Broad Street pump
18 workers in a factory near the Broad Street pump had died from cholera
Workers at a local brewery who drank free beer were not affected. The brewery had their own water supply.
A workhouse with their own water supply was not badly affected (5 out of 535 residents had died from cholera)
Houses nearer to other water pumps had only 10 cholera deaths, they had used the Brad Street pump.
1 woman living miles away in Hampstead had died from cholera. She had used to live near Broad Street, she preferred the taste of the water there so had water bottled from the Broad Street pump and sent to her.
Snow removed the pump’s handle, preventing locals from pumping water, and the cholera outbreak stopped.
Industrial Revolution methods of prevention role of government
During the 1700s and the early 1800s the British government had a laissez-faire attitude to governing Britain, the term laissez-faire is used to describe a government who do not want to get involved with daily lives of their population.therefore little was done to improving the living conditions in Britain, particularly those workers living in the growing industrial towns and cities.
The arrival of cholera also forced the government to act. A series of cholera epidemics throughout the 1800s killed many working class people.
Cholera epidemics
1831-32 = 21,882 deaths
1848-49 = 53,293 deaths
1853-54 = 20,097 deaths
1865-66 = 14,378 deaths
The large numbers of deaths from cholera forced the government into action and helped to destroy the British government’s laissez faire attitudes.
scientific discoveries
Several scientific developments helped to convince the government that it should do more to prevent disease
1798 Edward Jenner developed a smallpox vaccination
1854 John Snow suggested that cholera was spread through dirty water
1861 Louis Pasteur published his germ theory
Edwin Chadwick, In 1842 Edwin Chadwick published his Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Classes. he had spent a lot of time investigating the poor living conditions of the working class, Chadwick believed that miasma caused by sewage and rotting rubbish caused disease. Therefore he advised that all cities to set up their local boards of heath who would be responsible for supplying clean water to homes and to build sewers to remove sewage. Removing the sewage would prevent the miasma and any diseases.