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Week One Objectives: Body Plan & Organization (Body Systems:…
Week One Objectives: Body Plan & Organization
Hierarchial Levels:
Atom:
Carbon
Molecule:
Water
Macromolecule:
DNA
Organelle:
Plasma Membrane
Cell:
Erthrocyte
Tissue:
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithilium
Organ:
Lungs
Organ System:
Endocrine sytem
1 more item...
Body Planes & Sections:
Transverse (cross) section:
Divides: Inferior and Superior sections
(Para) sagittal plane:
Right and left portions BUT... not equally.
Frontal (coronal) plane:
Divides: Anterior and posterior parts
Does not have to be the full body! Could be the heart, the brain etc
Midsagittal (medial) plane:
Divides: Left and right parts.
Directional Terms:
Superior:
Above
"The injury is located superior to the nasal septum" said the doctor.
Medial:
Midline or toward the midsection of the body.
"We will make a medial incision on the patient's abdominal cavity."
Anterior:
Front
The bumble bee had landed on the pavement anteriorly.
Posterior:
Behind
The surgeons were working on the patient's spine which is posterior to the chest.
Lateral:
Side or away from the body
My ear is lateral to my eyebrow.
Proximal
: Close to the point of attachment
The thigh is proximal to the hip.
Distal:
Away from the point of attachment.
The stab wound was just distal enough from the patient's heart.
Inferior
: Below
"Jane, we have found that your pain is actually inferior to your stomach and we will be scheduling an MRI."
Anatomical Position:
Visually:
The human is standing straight, feet flat, eyes facing anteriorly, hands facing anteriorly.
Why?
To accurately describe a location on the human body.
Determining left and right:
The parts left and right are of the person or slide you're viewing, not the viewer.
Major Regions of the Body:
Axial:
Cephalic:
head region
Cervical:
Neck region
Thoracic:
Chest region
Abdominal:
abdomen region (stomach)
Pelvis:
pelvis region
Pubis:
pubic region
Appendicular:
Upper limb (arms)
Lower limb (legs)
Dorsal:
Back region
Manus:
Hand
Pedal:
foot
Body Systems:
Integumentary system: :star:
Protects internal body structures and has sensory receptors.
Involved: Skin, hair, nails
Cardiovascular :star: System:
Delivers oxygen to tissues and balances body temp.
Involved: Heart, blood vessels
Nervous System: :star:
Processes sensory info & activates a response.
Involved: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves.
Skeletal :star: System:
The bodies support while enabling movement.
Involved: Bones, cartilage, joints
Muscular System: :star:
Enables movement
Involved: Skeletal muscles, tendons.
Endocrine System: :star:
Secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes.
Involved: Glands: Thyroid, pituitary, adrenal
Pancreas, testes, ovaries
Lymphatic System: :star:
Return fluid to blood and defend against disease.
Involved: Lymph vessels, Spleen, lymph node, Thymus
Digestive System: :star:
Food processor
Involved: Stomach, liver, gall bladder, large and small intestine
Respiratory System: :star:
Removal of CO2 and delivery of O2
Involved: Nasal, Trachea, Lungs
Urinary System: :star:
Involved: Kidneys, urinary bladder
Controls water balance and removes wastes from blood to excrete from body.
Male Reproductive: :star:
Production of sex hormone/gamete, deliver of gamete to female
Involved: Epididymis, testes
Female Reproductive: :star:
Production of sex hormone/gamete, Support of fetus, milk production
Involved: Mammary glands, ovaries, Uterus