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How were the French affected by the reforms of the National Assembly?…
How were the French affected by the reforms of the National Assembly?
Sans-Culottes
able to vote for electors -> all men (had more of a say than they had before)
the active citizens were most of the population and they were the ones who took the Bastille, but still don't get much of a say in matters
guilds abolished - more equal
able to vote as pay by taxation
denied role in government (passive citizens)
Le Chapelier Law
c.f. urban poor
King
King could appoint his own ministers and military commanders
losing his status as an absolute monarch
losing Divine Right -> given powers by god
King of the French -> the people embodied France now, not the King
with his income, he gets 25 million livres LESS than he received before
now a citizen like everyone else -> subject to the law
End of Ancien Regime (and absolute monarchy), based on feudalism and privilege
suspensive veto (not on finance or the constitution)
Now equal with other people - a French citizen, subject to the law, like everyone elsde
Catholics
created 2 Catholic churches in France
fear of eternal damnation - the Church became subservient to the state
May 1792 -> LA states priests could be deported if they didn't swear by the oath
Split over Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Condemnation of the Pope
Removal of ecclesiastical courts
Nationalisation of Church lands
Salaried officials by the State, elected by ballot
Bishoprics reduced from 135 to 83.
Protestants
given civil rights in December 1781
Women
most womens unhappy about CC
a lot of women feared eternal damnation
the concept of 'popular sovereignty' did not extend to women
couldn't hold office
couldn't vote
Urban & Rural Poor
end of lettre de cachet
price controls removed -> price fluctuates a lot
intention to retain AR taxes until 1791
'passive citizens'
Le Chapelier Law
Free and humane justice for all
State charities
Social mobility a possibility via public education
Emigree
emigrees land gets seized and can be sold off
lands confiscated - property sold
Wealthy/Bourgeois
at the top of the voting -> had the last say
price controls removed (bourgeoisie very happy -> the ones who get the profit from it)
could be lawyers for 5 years and then could be elected
become landowners (make more money) -> nationalisation of Church lands and confiscation of emigre lands
wealthy -> the more money they had, the more powerful they were
No strikes/trade unions (Le Chapelier Law)
Laissez-faire
Assignat lost value
'Active' citizens - political participation dependent upon wealth
745 members of LA - opportunity for role in government
Came to dominate local administration
Abolition of noble titles - 'citizen' emphasised new status of bourgeoisie