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Chapter 4 (Psychology,evolution,ethics (Singer rebuts those who would use…
Chapter 4
Psychology,evolution,ethics
Singer rebuts those who would use these six psychological effects to argue that “it’s not in our nature” to give (p. 59)
Evolution might explain why we have these intuitions, but it doesn’t justify us in relying on them or those of our feelings that are based on them.
Futility.
In general, the smaller the proportion of people at risk who can be saved the less willing people are to send aid” (footnote omitted, pp. 52-3).
Parochialism
People are more likely to help their family, friends, and countrymen (or countrywomen) than they are to help those living far away from them (pp. 50-2).
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The Sense of Fairness.
People are less likely to help if they think that that would be doing more than their fair share (pp. 55-6).
Money
Money—or even being primed to think about money—makes people less helpful. On page 58 Singer says that Kathleen Vohs, and her colleagues Nicole Mead and Miranda Goode, “…suggest that as societies began to use money, the need to rely on family and friends diminished, and people were able to become more self-sufficient” (pp. 56-9).