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Panchayati Raj (Ashok Mehta Committee 1977 (Two Tier PR System, Zila…
Panchayati Raj
Ashok Mehta Committee 1977
Two
Tier PR System
Zila Parisad at district level (
Executive Body
)
Mandal panchayat consisting group of villages
Official participation of political parties at all levels of panchayat elections
PRIs to have compulsory powers of
taxation
Regular social audit by district level agency and by a committee of legislators
Nyaya panchayats to be kept separately and presided over by a qualified judge
Chief Electoral Officer of a state - organise and conduct elections to PR
Reservations for SCs and STs
Constitutional Recognition to PRIs
73rd Amendment Act of 1992
Part IX and 11th Schedule added (Article 243)
Gram Sabha as the foundation of the PRS
Three Tier System
- panchayats at village, intermediate and district level. (Direct elections at all three levels)
Chairperson of panchayats at intermediate and district levels shall be elected indirectly
Reservation of not less than 1/3rd seats for
WOMEN
Superintendence direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and the conduct of all elections to the Panchayats -
State Election Commission
Governor constitutes State Finance Commission
Act shall not apply to
J&K, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, hill areas of Manipur and Darjiling district of WB (Darjiling Gorakha Hill Council exists)
Parliament enacted
"Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act 1996 (PESA)"
The Act bars the interference of courts in the electoral matters of panchayats.
Balwant Rai Mehta Committee 1957
Three
Tier PR System
Gram Panchayat at village level (direct elections)
Panchayat Samiti at Block level (Indirect elections, Executive Body)
Zila Parisad at district level (indirect elections, advisory, supervisory body)
District Collector - Chairman of Zila Parisad
Recommendations accepted by National Development Council in 1958
Rajasthan
first to establish, 1959 in
Nagaur District
G V K Rao Committee 1985
Appointed by Planning commission (Administrative Arrangement for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation Programmes)
Bureaucratisation of PR instead of democratisation (Grass without roots)
District is the proper unit for planning and development
Regular Elections
District Development Commissioner as the chief executive officer of the Zila Parisad and incharge of all the development departments at the district level
Leading role to panchayats in local planning and development
L M Singhvi Committee 1986
Constitutionally recognised, protected and preserved
Judicial tribunals in each state for election, functioning related controversies.
PESA(Extension) Act of 1996
10 states are having 5th scheduled areas (HP, Raj, Guj, Maha, MP, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Odisha, AP, Telangana,
Alteast 50% of total seats reserved for STs, all seats of Chairpersons shall be reserved for the STs
Community Development Programme (1952)
National Extension Service (1953)