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Proposition (Proposition and Sentence (Physical Existence (Sentence has a…
Proposition
Proposition and Sentence
Proposition(sentence) is what statement states
Not the words in which statement is made
Truth and Falsity of Proposition
Arises in Case of
Declarative Statements
Other sentences
expressing questions,feeling,anger,command
cannot be used to make sentence
Sentence give information
All sentence are not proposition but every proposition is in the form of sentence.
Physical Existence
Sentence has a physical existence
When spoken - sound waves, when written - marks or signs on surface
Proposition
Has no physical existence
It cant be said proposition is short or long
Distinctions between sentence and prop in Traditional Logic
1 st
Proposition contains
Single Statement
Grammatical Sentence can be long
2 nd
Grammatical order of subject and predicate is often different from logical subject and predicate
Constitutents and Components
Proposition
Can be analyzed further as
into its elements
Those elements are called Consttituents
Constituent
"Element of proposition"
May or may not be its subject
Constituent is particular
Component
Element which combines other elemet
EG- Ram
Loves
Sita
Component is Universal
Every Proposition about certain content
Constituents are those content
Form of Proposition
Depends on the way constituents are combined
This depends one way or another on components
Proposition and Judgment
Some Logician call Propositions - Judgment
Use of term - Judgment
Used as - mental act of judging
Used as - what as judged
Proposition
Result of thinking
not to be identified with
thinking
activity
Logic concerned with what is judged
Whatever - considered to be true or false
Logician
Understands judgment in form of a product of judgment
Concerned only when JUDGMENT has some definite form
When Judgment assumed in language it is called as proposition
Definition
Proposition
Statement Which is either TRUE or FALSE
Every Prop is either true or false
It cannot be both true and false
Relevant examples
Truth and Falsity of Proposition is Definite
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Proposition and Fact
Proposition claims to represent facts but it is different from facts
Truth and Falsity
Of Proposition
Determined by
Facts
Traditional Analysis
Logician traditionally maintained
Proposition contains certain components
Subject is about which something is said
Predicate is which is affirmed or denied of subject
Subject and Predicate of Proposition are called Terms
Truth and Falsity