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Nature of Logic (Inference and Implication (Dependency Status (In the…

- - - - premise to conclusion
        
        Reason behind this : he thinks that there is certain relation between them
  - - - These are called Implicans and Implicate
        
        Implicans
        
        statement which implies other statement
        
        Implicate
        
        statement which follows from implicans
  - - - if implicans is true ,
        
        the implicate must be true
    - - relation of implication does not depend on drawing the inference
  - - - Mean's : This Wall is not not-white
        
        Relation of implictaion in this case
        
        Due to implication- thinker is able to draw conclusion
  - - - Implication is a logical relation between propositions as such
        
        Logical Consequences followed in Implication of Prop.
- - - - Proposition whose truth does not depend on experience
        
        Can be known by examining proposition
    - - Fact - All sciences except maths , concerned with contingent prop
      - Prop whose truth depends on experience
- - - - Organiztion of parts having certain mutual relations
        
        Chair has a leg, arm, seat and back
        
        In same way structure of proposition is its various elements
- - - - To find general principles exhibited in valid arguments
  - - - Giving us knowledge of valid argument forms
    - - Logic makes a person conscious of his inconsistencies in belief
        
        We often hold contradictory belief
        
        If we have belief in particular thing ,we need to get rid of the contradictory belief
        
        Logic helps us to do this by giving validation and reasoning to us so as to declare a belief inconsistent
  - - - As with general principles of logic
        
        he can deal with probability of different types of inferences
- - - - Influenced by the doctrine of Aristotle
        
        Known as traditional logic
    - - Science which investigates general principles of valid thought
      - systematic inquiry into these principles
        
        provides principles enabling a person to distinguish between correct and incorrect arguments
      - Discrepancies
        
        Thinking
        
        Definition regards thinking as subject matter of logic
        
        Term - thinking is too wide
        
        applies to several mental process -daydreaming , remebering etc
        
        Thinking is subjective process
        
        Nature of Logic
        
        Logic deals with reasoning alone
        
        no such good and bad argument bullshit
        
        All these process are of no concern to logician
  - - - Doctrines of logicians - influenced by mathematics are called mathematical logician
    - - Implication is central topic of logic
      - Logic - " Science of implication, or of valid inference"
        
        This defn is also not acceptable
        
        As it applies only to deductive arguments
    - - Logic- "study of all forms of valid argument"
- - - - Premise of an inductive argument may be true but conclusion false
        
        👆 This case not in deductive argument
- - - - Certain Characteristics of an inference
    - - Subject Matter of inference
- - - - premise and conclusion