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Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine system (Cranial nerves and function (1…
Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine system
Cranial nerves and function
1-Olfactory
function- smell
II-Optic
function- vision
III-Oculomotor
function- eyelid and eyeball movement
IV- Trochlear
function- innervates superior oblique. Turns eye downward and laterally.
V-Trigeminal
function- chewing and face/mouth touch/pain
VI-Abducens
function- turns eye laterally
VII-Facial
function- this controls most facial expressions. Secretion of tears and saliva.
VII-Vestibulocochlear (auditory)
Function- hearing and equilibrium sensation.
X- Vagus
Function- senses aortic blood pressure, slows heart rate, stimulates digestive organs and taste.
XI-spinal accessory
Function- controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. Controls swallowing movements.
XII- Hypoglossal
function- controls tongue movement.
Divisions of autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic Division
This division is the emergency division. Which means that it prepares the body for energy and it also protects the body from injuries.
Examples:
Dilates the pupil
relaxes the bladder
accelerates heart rate
Constricts arterioles
"Fight or flight"
Parasympathetic division
This division is the complete opposite from the sympathetic. What this division does is that it replaces and recovers from activities.
Examples
Contracts bladder
Stimulates tear glands
constricts pupil
"daily" functions
Endocrine glands and functions
Hypothalamus
Portion of the brain that maintains the bodies internal balance. Hypothalamus is the link between endocrine and nervous systems.
The hypothalamus does this by helping stimulate sleep cycles, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, appetite, body weight, and etc.
Oxytocin
Pineal gland
Located deep in the center of the eye.
Produces melatonin. Melatonin helps maintaining circadian rhythm and regulating reproductive hormones.
small organ shaped like a pine cone
Melatonin
Pituitary gland
Hormones of pituitary gland help regulate functions of endocrine glands.
Has two parts- anterior lobe and posterior lobe.
Its hormones control other parts of the system. (example thyroid gland,testes, adrenal glands, and etc.)
adrenocorticotropic hormone
Thyroid
Thyroid regulates the metabolism.
The two main thyroid hormones are T3 and T4.
Parathyroid
This regulates the body's calcium levels.
There are four parathyroid glands and each of them are tiny.
They are not relating to the thyroid despite of their location.
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
Thymus
Located behind the sternum and behind the lungs. After puberty the thymus starts to shrink.
Thymosin is the hormone produced by thymus and it helps stimulate the development of T-Cells.
Adrenal
Two glands that sit on top of the kidneys.
Adrenal cortex-
(outer part) produces hormones that are important. (example cortisol)
Adrenal medulla
-(inner part) produces hormones that we can live without. (example adrenaline)
Pancreas
Maintain the bodies blood glucose balanced.
Primary hormones are insulin and glucagon. (both of these regulates blood glucose)
Ovaries
The maintain the health of a female reproductive system.
They secrete two main hormones (estrogen and progestogen)
Testes
They secrete testosterone
Maintain the health of the male reproductive system.