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Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine System (Cranial Nerves & Function…
Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine System
Cranial Nerves & Function
Abducens VI
Lateral rectus eyes muscle abducts the eye
Facial VII
Motor to muscles of facial expression; sensory- taste
Trigeminal V
3 Branches-motor- chewing; sensory-skin of face
Vestibulocochlear VIII
Sensory- hearing & equilibrium (balance)
Trochlear IV
Superior oblique muscle of eye
Glossopharyngeal IX
motor- secretion of saliva; sensory- taste,regulation of blood pressure
Oculomotor III
Mostly motor function- most of muscles of eye, eyelid, and pupillary constriction
Optic II
Arises from retina of the eye & function in vision
Vagus X
Motor- smooth muscle contraction & relaxation, secretion of digestive fluids; heart, lungs-parasympathetic inversion ; sensory from visceral organs it supplies & proprioception
Olfactory I
Sensory nerve that functions in sense of smell
Hypoglossal XII
Motor- movement of tongue during speech & swallowing; sensory- proprioception
Accesory XI
Motor- swallowing & movements of head; sensory- proprioception
Autonomic Nervous System
Branch of the PNS
Sympathetic nervous system is associated with the "fight of flight"
Parasympathetic nervous system is associated with the "daily" body functions
Sympathetic Division
Orginates in the thoracolumbar (T1 thru L2) segments of the spinal cord
Synapses (Junction between neurons) in ganglia near signal cord
Short pre-ganlionic (nerve before synapse) and long postganglionic (nerve after synapse) neuron
Neurotransmitters: Epinephrine & norepinephrine
Effector Organs: Eyes, lungs, heart, etc
Remember "E"
Exercise, excitement, emergency & embarrassment
Parasympathetic Division
Originates in brainstem & sacral (s1 thru s4)
Synapses in ganglia near effectors organ
Long pre-ganlionic & short postganglionic neuron
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine
Effector organs: Salivary gland, digestive & reproductive organs
Remember "D"
Digestion, defecation & divests (Urination)
Endocrine Organs of the Brain
Pineal Gland
Melatonin: Controls sleep cycles, alertness & temperature
Hypothalamus
Produces hormones that stimulates the pituitary gland
Pituitary Gland
"Master gland" that signals other glands to produce their hormones when needed
Anterior lobe- makes & releases hormones under the control of the hypothalamus
Posterior lobe- Stores & secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus, such as antidiuretic hormone & oxytocin, & release them to the rest of the body as necessary
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)- Regulates fluid balance by increasing body fluid volume and decreasing urine output
Oxytocin- stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor & milk "let down" or ejection from alveoli