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Peripheral Nervous and Endocrine System (Names of Cranial Nerves and…
Peripheral Nervous and Endocrine System
Names of Cranial Nerves and Functions
Abducens
laeral rectus eye muscle abducts the eye
Facial
motor to muscles of facial expression: sensory- taste
Trigeminal
3 branches- motor- chewing: sensory- skin of face
Vestibulocochlear
sensory- hearing and equilibrium (balance)
Trochlear
superior oblique muscle of eye
Glossopharyngeal
motor-secretion of salica: sensory- taste, regulation of blood, pressure, and proprioception of muscles involved in swallowing
Oculomotor
mostly motor function- most of muscles of eye, eyelid, and pupillary construction
Vagus
motor- smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, secretion of digestive fluids: heart, lungs- parasympathetic innervation: sensory from visceral organs if supplies and proprioception
Optic
arises from retina of the eye and functions in vision
Accessory
motor: swallowing and movements of head; sensory- proprioception
Olfactory
sensory nerve that functions in sense of smell
Hypoglossal
motor- movement of tongue during speech and swallowing: sensory- propuiception
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
sympathetic
originates in the thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord
synapes in ganglia near spinal cord
neurotransmitters: epinephrine and norepinephrine
effector organs: eyes, lungs, heart, etc.
short pre-ganglionic and long postganglionic neuron
remember "E", exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment
parasympathetic
long pre-ganglionic and short postganglionic neuron
neurotransmitters: acetylcholine
synapes on ganglia near effector organ
effector organs: salivary glands, digestive, and reproductive organs
originates in brainstem and sacral
remember "d", digestion, defection, and diuresis(urination)
Names of all the Endocrine Organs
hypothalamus
produces hormones that stimulates the pituitary gland
pituitary
master gland that signals other glands to produce their hormones when needed
thyroid
control the basal metabolic rate
parathyroids
increases blood calcium levels
adrenals
adrenal cortex- outer layer
glucocorticoids or cortisol- responds to stress or injury and releases anti-inflammatory
adrenal medulla- inner layer
epinephrine- stimulates the "fight or flight" response
pineal body
melatonin- controls sleep cycles, alertness, and temperature
reproductive organs
testes
secrete hormones called androgens as well as sperm production
ovaries
produce estrogen and progesterone as well as eggs
pancreas
controls blood sugar levels
thymus
stimulates the development of the t-cells involved in the immune response
kidney
extract waste from blood, balance body fluids
Names of all the Hormones
thyroid hormone
control the basal metabolic rate by releasing thyroxine
parathyroid hormone
increases blood calcium levels
thymosin hormone
stimulates the development of the t cells involved in the immune response
antidiuretic hormone
regulates fluid balance by increase body fluid volume and decrease urine output
follicle stimulating hormone
stimulating egg masturbation in ovary and release sex homornes
luteinizing hormone
both involved with development of ovaries and testes
adrenocorticotropic hormone
stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol
human growth hormone
stimulates growth durin g infancy and puberty
melanocyte stimulating hormone
stimulates production of melanin in the skin