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Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine System (Hormones (prolactin: initiates…
Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine System
Cranial
Nerves and Function
olfactory (I)
sensory: sense of smell
optic (II)
sensory: sight
oculomotor (III)
motor: eye movement
trochlear (IV)
motor: eye movement
trigeminal (V)
motor: chewing; sensory: skin of face
abducens (VI)
motor: eye movement
facial (VII)
motor: facial expressions; sensory: taste
vestibulochlear (VIII)
sensory: balance & hearing
glossopharyngeal (IX)
motor: secretion of saliva; sensory: taste, swallowing, blood pressure regulation
vagus (X)
motor: parasympathetic control of heart & lungs & muscle contraction; sensory: proprioception
accessory (XI)
motor: swallowing & moves head; sensory: proprioception
hypoglossal (XII)
motor: speech (tongue) & swallowing; sensory: proprioception
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
parasympathetic division
function: digestion, kidney filtration, erection of clitoris, erection of penis & pupil constriction
eyes: constricts pupil
salivary glands: stimulates saliva
heart: slows heartbeat
blood vessels: dilates
lungs:constricts bronchi
muscle: relaxes muscle
digestive tract: stimulates digestion
urinary bladder: contracts bladder
sweat glands: inhibits sweating
reproductive organs: stimulates erection
sympathetic division
function: shutting down digestive functions, inhibiting erections, shunting blood away from kidneys & dilating pupils
eyes: dilates pupils
heart: accelerates heartbeat
blood vessel: constricts
lungs: dilates bronchi
muscle: increase muscle function
digestive tract: inhibits digestion
salivary glands: inhibits flow of saliva
urinary bladder: relaxes bladder
sweat glands: increase sweating
reproductive organs: inhibition of erection
Endocrine Organs
hypothalamus
produces hormones stored in the pituitary gland
pineal gland
secretes melatonin, regulates sleep cycles, alertness & temperature
pituitary gland
secretes hormones that stimulate endocrine glans
parathyroid
secretes parathyroid hormone increasing blood calcium levels
thyroid
hormones control metabolic rate and decrease calcium levels
adrenal gland
produces epinephrine & hormones that control mineral balance, inflammation, & metabolic functions
pancreas
produces insulin & glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels
ovary
produces estrogen and progesterone
testes
produces testosterone
Hormones
prolactin: initiates & maintains milk secretion
ACTH: stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol
FSH: stimulates egg maturation in the ovary & release sex hormones
antidiuretic (ADH): regulates fluid balance by increasing body fluid volume on decreasing urine output
oxytocin: stimulates contraction of uterus during labor & milk "let down" or ejection from alveoli
LH: development of ovaries & testes
hGH: stimulates growth during infancy & puberty
TSH: control basal metabolic rate by releasing thyroxine
melatonin: controls sleep cycles, alertness & temperature
MSH: stimulates production of melanin in the skin
OTH: increases blood calcium levels
thymosin: stimulates the development of the T-cells involved in the immune response
adenohypophysis: produces & secretes many hormones
GH: causes growth & division of cells
neurphypophysis: stores & secretes oxytocin