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peripheral Nervous & Endocrine Nervous system (Cranial nerves…
peripheral Nervous & Endocrine Nervous system
Cranial nerves
abducens
motor
lateral rectus eye muscle abducts the eye
facial
mixed
muscles of facial expression and taste
trigeminal
mixed
chewing, skin of face
vestibulococholear
sensory
hearing and balance
trochlear
motor
superior oblique muscle of eye
glossopharyngeal
mixed
secretion of saliva,taste regulation of blood pressure and proprioception of muscles involved in swallowing
oculomotor
motor
most of muscles of eye, eyelid, and pupillary construction
vagus
mixed
smooth muscle contraction and relaxation,secretion of digestive fluids,heart,lungs parasympathetic innervation , visceral organs it supplies and proprioception
optic
sensory
arises from retina of the eye and functions in vision
accessory
mixed
swallowing and movements of head, proprioception
olfactory
sensory
nerve that functions in sense of smell
hypoglossal
mixed
movement of tongue during speech and swallowing, proprioception
Endocrine organs
pineal gland
melatonin: controls sleep cycles, alertness, and temperature
hypothalamus
produces hormones that stimulates the pituitary gland
pituitary gland
" master gland' that signals other glands to produce their hormones when needed
anterior lobe: makes and releases hormones under the control of the hypothalamus
posterior lobe: stores and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus , such as antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, and releases them to the rest of the body as necessary
pancreas
regulate blood sugar levels
ovaries/testes
regulate reproductive system
adrenal gland
releases adrenaline to prepare for emergency
Hormones
antidiuretic hormone
regulates fluid balance by increasing body fluid volume an decreasing urine output
oxytocin: stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and milk "let down" rejection from alveoli
hormones of the pituitary glands
follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
stimulates egg maturation in the ovary and releases sex hormones
luteinizing hormone(LH)
both involved with development of ovaries and testes
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol
human growth hormone (HGH)
stimulates growth during infancy and puberty
prolactin-initiates and maintains milk secretion
thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)
control basal metabolic rate by releasing thyroxine
melanocyte stimulating hormone
stimulates production of melanin in the skin
autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic division
originates in brainstem and sacral
synapses in ganglia near effector organs
long pre-ganglionic and short post-ganglionic neuron
neurotransmitters: acetylcholine
effector organs : salivary glands, digestive and reproductive organs
remember D : digestion, defecation, and divresis ( urination)
sympathetic division
originates in the thoracolumbar segments of spinal cord
synapses in ganglia near spinal cord
short pre-ganglionic(nerve before synapse
long post-ganglionic (nerve after synapse) neuron
neurotransmitters: epinephrine, and norepinephrine
effector organs: eyes, lungs, heart
remember E : exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment