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PNS & Endocrine System (Names of Cranial Nerves and Function (Aducen…
PNS & Endocrine System
Hormones and their Functions
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
regulates fluid balance by increasing body fluid volume and decreasing urine output
Oxytocin
stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and milk "let down" or ejection from alveoli
Human growth hormone (HGH)
stimulates growth during infancy and puberty
Prolactin
initiates and maintains milk secretion
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
controls basal metabolic rate by releasing thyroxine
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
both involved with development of ovaries and testes
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
stimulates the production of melanin in the skin
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
stimulates egg maturation in the ovary and release sex hormones
Divisions on the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic
originates in the thoracolumbar (T1-L2) segments of the spinal cord
synapses in ganglia near spinal cord
short pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic neuron
neurotransmitters
epinephrine, norepinephrine
remeber "E":exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment
effector organs
eyes, heart, lungs, etc
Parasympathetic
synapses in ganglia near effector organs
originates in the brain stem and sacral (S1-S4)
long pre-ganglionic and short post-ganglionic neuron
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
effector organs
salivary glands, digestive/reproductive organs
remember "D":digestion, defecation, and diuresis (urination)
Autonomic Nervous System
branch of PNS
sympathetic nervous system is associated with "fight or flight'
parasympathetic nervous system is associated with "daily" body functions
Names of Cranial Nerves and Function
Aducen
motor
lateral rectus eye muscle
abducts the eye
six
Facial
both
motor: muscles of facial expression
sensory: taste
seven
Trigeminal
five
both
motor: chewing
sensory: taste
Vestiobulocochlear
sensory
hearing and equilibrium
eight
Trochlear
four
motor
superior oblique muscle of eye
moves eye
Glossopharyngeal
nine
both
motor: secretion of saliva
sensory: taste, regulation of blood pressure, and proprioception of muscles involved in swallowing
Oculomotor
three
motor
most of muscles of eye, eyelids
pupillary constriction
Vagus
ten
both
motor:smooth muscle contraction/relaxation, secretion of digestive fluids; heart lungs
parasympathetic innervation: sensory from visceral organs it supplies and proprioception
Optic
two
sensory
function of vision
Accessory
eleven
motor
swallowing/movements of head
Olfactory
one
sensory
sense of smell
Hypoglossal
twelve
motor
movement of tongue during speech/swallowing
Names of all the Endocrine Organs
Endocrine System
consists of network of endocrine glands located throughout the body
function
endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood which are then carried through the body
Endocrine Organs of the Brain
hypothalamus
produces hormones that stimulates the pituitary gland
pituitary gland
"master gland" that signals other glands to produce their hormones when needed
anterior lobe
makes and releases hormones under the control of the hypothalamus
posterior lobe
stores and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus, such as antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, and releases them to the rest of the body as necessary
pineal gland
melatonin
controls sleep cycles, alertness, and temperature
Endocrine Organs of the Body
thymus gland
thymosin hormone
stimulates the development of the T-cells involved in the immune response
pancreas
controls blood sugar levels
insulin: decrease blood glucose
glucagon: increase blood glucose
parathyroid gland
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
increases blood calcium levels
adrenal gland
adrenal medulla
inner layer
epinephrine (adrenaline): stimulates the "fight or flight" response
adrenal cortex
outer layer
glucocorticoids/cortisol: responds to stress or injury and releases anti-inflammatory
activated by ACTH
thyroid gland
thyroid hormone (thryoxine, T3-T4)
controls the basal metabolic rate
controlled by TSH
calcitonin: decrease blood calcium levels
testes
male reproductive organ
secrete testosterone
hormone which helps form the normal development of male physical characteristics
ovaries
female reproductive organ
secretes estrogen and progesterone
necessary for normal female reproductive development, fertility, and female physical characteristics