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Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine System (Hormones (Thyroid Stimulating…
Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine System
Names of Cranial Nerves
I. olfactory
sensory nerve that unctions in sense of smell
II. Optic
arises from retina of the eye and functions in vision
XII. Hypoglssal
motor- movement of tongue during speech and swallowing; sensory- proprioception
III. oculomotor
most of muscles of eye, eyelid, and pupillary constrictions
XI. Accessory
motor- swallowing and movement of head; sensory-proprioception
IV. Trochlear
superior oblique muscle of eye
X. Vagus
motor- smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, secretion of digestion fluids; heart, lungs- parasympathetic innervation; sensory from visceral organs it supplies and proprioception
V. Trigeminal
3 branches-motor-chewing; sensory- skin of face
IX. glossopharyngeal
motor- secretion of saliva, sensory- taste, regulation of blood pressure and proprioception of muscle involved in swallowing
VI.Abducens
lateral rectus eye muscle abducts the eye
VIII. Vestibulocholear
sensory- hearing and equilibrium (balance)
VII. Facial
motor to muscles of facial expression, sensory-taste
Names of Endocrine Organs
Hypothalamus
produces hormones that stimulates the pituitary gland
pineal gland
secretes melatonin, regulating sleep cycles, direness and temperature
testis
testosterone, beard growth
parathyroid gland
increases blood calcium levels
pancreas
controls blood sugar levels, decrease/increase blood glucose
thymus
stimulates the development of the t-cells involved in the immune system
adrenal gland
superior to the flat, producing of adrenaline
ovary
estrogen and progesterone, regulates reproductive system; breast growth
Pituitary gland
"master gland" signals other glands to produce their hormones when needed
Thyroid gland
control the basal metabolic rate, decrease blood calcium levels
Hormones
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Source: Anterior Pituitary; Target: Thyroid; Action: regulates thyroid hormones
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Source: Anterior Pituitary; Target: Adrenal Cortex; Action: regulates adrenal cortex hormones
Prolactin
Source: Anterior Pituitary; Target: Breasts; Action: maintains milk secretions
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Source: Anterior Pituitary; Target: ovaries/testes; Action: stimulates egg/sperm production
Growth Hormone (GH)
Source: Anterior Pituitary;Target: body cells, bones, muscles; Action: growth and development
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
Source: Anterior Pituitary; Target: ovaries/testes; Action: ovulation, sex hormone release
Oxytocin
Source: Posterior Pituitary;Target: uterus, breasts;Action: uterine contractions, milk secretion
Thyroxine
Source: Thyroid; Target: Body cells; Action: regulates metabolism
Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Source: Posterior Pituitary; Target: Kidneys;Action: Water balance/ blood pressure
Calcitonin
Source: Thyroid; Target: Adrenal cortex; Action: lowers blood calcium
Parathyroid Hormone
Source: Parathyroid; Target: bone matrix; Action: raises blood calcium
Aldosterone
Source: Adrenal Cortex; Target: kidney; Action: regulates water balance
Epinephrine
Source: Adrenal Medulla; Target: heart, lungs, liver, and body cells; Action: primary "fight or flight" responses
Cortisol
Source: Adrenal Cortex; Target: Body Cells; Action: weakens immune system/stress
Glucagon
Source: Pancreas; Target: Liver body ; Action: raises blood glucose level
Estrogen
Source: Ovaries; Target: Reproductive system; Action: puberty, menstrual, development of gonads
Progesterone
Source: Ovaries; Target: Reproductive system; Action: puberty, menstrual cycle, development of gonads
Testosterone
Source: Adrenal Gland, Testes; Target: Reproductive System; Action: puberty, development of gonads, sperm
Insulin
Source: Pancreas; Target: body cells; Action: lowers blood glucose level
Divisions of Autonomic Nerves system
Sympathetic division
Mobilizes the body during extreme situations and helps us respond to them. "fight, flight, or fright"
Effects
dilation of pupils and airways
decreased motility of digestive and urinary tracts
ncreased blood and oxygen levels to skeletal muscle
Exercise, excitement, or emergencies
Increased heart and breathing rates
Parasympathetic division
Controls routine maintenance functions of the body and is concerned with conserving energy. "rest and digest"
Effects
gastrointestinal tract digests food
pupils are constricted
Heart rate and breathing at normal rates
When the body is at rest
Differences
length of
postganglionic fibers
branching of axons
Different regions of origin from the CNS
type of neurotransmitters released by postganglionic axons