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PN & Endocrine systems (Cranial nerves (Abducens (VI) (laterus rectal…
PN & Endocrine systems
Cranial nerves
Abducens (VI)
laterus rectal muscle of the eye
posterior to the trigeminal and is located exciting the brain
between the pons and medulla oblongata
Facial (VII)
motor nerve to the tongue and face
sensory and motor nerve
Trigeminal (V)
located in the pons has three branches
ophthalamic branch
innervates the upper head
maxillary
innervates region around the maxilla
mandibular
innervates the jaw
Vestibucuchlear (VIII)
receives impulses from ear
picks up auditory stimuli
picks up information about equilibrium
Trochlear (IV)tion about equilibruim
motor impulses to several muscles
to move the eye
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
carries both sensory and motor impulses
innervates tongue and throat
Oculomotor (III)
muscles to move the eye
motor impulses from the eye
Vagus (X)
carries both mixed and sensory impulses
large nerve on side of medulla oblongata
Optic (II)
takes visual impulses from eye
transmits it to the brain
Accessory (XI)
motor nerve to the neck muscles
inferior to the vagus
Olfactory (I)
receives the sense of smell from the nose
transmits it to the brain
Hypoglossal (XII)
motor nerve to the tongue
functions in chewing
endocrine organs
parathyroid gland
posterior surface of the thyroid gland
secretes parathyroid hormone
increasing blood calcium levels
thyroid gland
inferior to the larynx
hormones control metabolic rates
decreases calcium levels in the blood
pancreas
produces
glucagon
insulin
regulates blood sugar levels
testes
produces testosterone
beard growth
adrenal gland
superior to kidneys
producing epinephrine hormones
controls
mineral balance
metabolism functions
inflammation
thymus
produces white blood cells
help fight illness
thymosin
pituitary gland
secretes numerous hormones
some stimulate other endocrine glands
ovaries
estrogen
progesterone
regulate female reproductive system
breast development
hypothalamus
produces hormones
stored in posterior pituitary gland
hormones affect the anterior and posterior pituitary glands
pineal gland
secretes melatonin
regulates sleep cycles and temperature
Hormones
chemical messengers
produced by endocrine cells that travel in blood
influence certain cells elsewhere in the body
affect only specific target cells that have receptors which recognize that particular hormone
negative feedback
occurs when there is a drop in hormone levels
triggers a chain reaction of responses
increase levels of hormones in blood
neurotransmitters
some act as hormones
addosterone
estrogen
cortisol
testosterone
epinephrine
norepinephrine
histamine
hypothalamus
produces hormones
stimulate the pituitary glands
growth hormone- release hormone
stimulate the pituitary gland to produce growth hormones
growth hormone- indusive hormone
secretes growth hormones from pituitary gland
pituitary gland
master gland
anterior
makes and releases hormones under the control of the hypothalamus
posterior
stores and secretes hormones
made in hypothalamus
Ex: antidiurectic
Ex: oxytocin
oxytocin
produced in the hypothalamus
sent to the pituitary gland in order to be sent to the endocrine organs
Divisions of the ANS
sympathetic
originates in the thoracolumnar segments of spine
T1 through L2
synapses in gangalia
near spinal cord
short pre-ganglionic neuron
long post-ganglionic neuron
neurotransmitters
epinephrine
norepinphrine
effector organs
lungs
heart
eyes
active with
exercise
embarrassment
excitement
remember "E"
associated with "Fight or Flight"
parasympathetic
associated with the "Daily" bodily functions
originates in brain stem
in sacral
synapse in ganglia
near effector organs
long pre-ganglionic neuron
short post-ganglionic neuron
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
effector organs
digestive system
reproductive system
salivary glands
active with
defection
pooping
dieresis
peeing
digestion
food processing