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Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine System (Hormones (Calcitriol: Steroid…
Peripheral Nervous & Endocrine System
Cranial Nerves
Olfactory: Functions in the sense of smell
Optic: Functions in visions.
Oculomotor: Most of muscles in the eyelid, eye, and pupillary
Trochlear :Oblique eye muscle of they eye.
Trigeminal: Chewing and skin of the face.
Abducens: eye muscle that abducts the eye.
Facial: muscles of facial expressions and taste.
Vestibulococholear: hearing and equilibrium.
Glossopharyngeal: Secretion of saliva, sensory of taste, regulation of blood pressure, and proprioception muscles involved in swallowing.
Vagus: Secretion of digestive fluids.
Accessory: Swallowing and movements of the head.
Hypoglossal: Movement of tongue.
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Division
Originates in the thoracolumbar (T1-L2) segments of the spinal cord.
Synapses is int e ganglia near the spinal cord.
Short pre-ganglionic and long postganglionic neuron.
Neurotransmitters: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine.
Effector Organs: eyes, lungs, heart, etc.
"E" : Exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment.
Parasympathetic Division
Originates in the brainstem and sacral (S1 - S4).
Synapses in ganglia near effector organ.
Long pre-ganglionic and short postganglionic neuron.
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine.
"D" : Digestion, defecation, and diuresis.
Endocrine Organ
Pineal Gland: Secretes melatonin and regulates sleep cycles.
Thyroid gland: controls metabolic rate and decreases calcium levels in blood.
Hypothalamus: produces hormones stored in posterior pituitary.
Parathyroid Gland: secretes parathyroid hormones increasing calcium in blood
pancreas : Produces insulin and glucagon and regulates blood sugar.
Ovaries: produces estrogen and progesterone.
Testies: that produces semen and secretes testosterone
Pituitary gland: stimulates the endocrine gland and is the master gland of the endocrine system
Hormones
Calcitriol: Steroid hormone synthases in a series of chemical reactions from skin to liver and finally kidneys and also stimulates calcium absorption.
FSH: stimulates follicle maturation in females
LH: stimulates ovulation in females, testosterone in males
ACTH: Stimulates the adrenaline cortex to synthesis and secretes glucocorticoids
GH: Stimulates bone and muscle growth
TSH: stimuales male production and secretion
T3 and T4: stimulates metabolic activity and increase caloric expenditure
Oxytosen: Stimulates Uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation
Estrogen: develops and maintains female reproduction system
Insulin: stimulates T-cell Development
Melatonin: stimulation: regulated by exposure to light
Progesterone: steroid hormone synthesized by the ovaries
Testosterone: developed and maintains male reproduction system