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Peripheral Nervous and Endocrine System (Cranial nerves (Olfactory I…
Peripheral Nervous and Endocrine System
Cranial nerves
Olfactory I-Sensory nerve that functions in sense of smell
Optic II- Arises from retina of the eye and functions in vision
Oculomotor III- Mostly motor function of eye muscles
Trochlear IV - Superior oblique muscle of eye
Trigeminal V- 3 branches- motor- chewing; sensory- skin of face
Abducens VI- Lateral rectus eye muscle abducts the eye
Facial VII- Motor to muscles of facial expression
Vestibulacucholear VII -Sensory- Equilibrium and hearing
Glossopharyngeal IX- motor- Secretion of saliva ; sensory- taste, regulation of blood pressure.
Vagus X- Motor- Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, secretion of digestive fluids; heart, lungs- Parasympathetic innervation; sensory from visceral organs it supplies.
Accessory XI- Motor; Swallowing and movements of head
Hypoglossal XII- Motor movement of tongue during speech and swallowing.
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Division-
Originates in the thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord.
Synapses- In ganglia near spinal cord
Short Pre-Ganglionic- Nerve by synapse and long post ganglionic
Neurotransmitters- epinephrine and norepinephrine
It is associated with the fight or flight functions
Parasympathetic Division
originiates in brain stem and sacral activity
Synapse in ganglia near effector organ
Long pre-ganglionic and short post ganglionic neuron
Neurotransmitters - Acetycholine
Effector organ- Salivary glands, digestive and reproductive organs
It is associated with the daily functions
Endocrine Organs of Brain
Pineal gland- controls, sleep cycles, alertness and temperature
Hypothalamus- Produces hormones that stimulates pituitary gland
Pituitary Gland-"Master Gland" that signals other glands to produce their hormones when needed
Anterior Lobe- Makes and releases hormones under the control of hypothalamus
Posterior Lobe- Store and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus.
Hormones of Pituitary Glands
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)- Both involved with development of ovaries and testes
ACTH- Stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol
Human Growth Hormone- Stimulates growth during infancy and puberty
Prolactin-Initiates and maintains milk secretion
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone- Control basal metabolic rate by releasing thyroxine
melanocyte Stimulating Hormone- Stimulates production of melonin in skin.
Endocrine Glands of Body
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Thymus Gland
Pancreas
Adrenal Gland
Endocrine Body Hormones
Thyroid Hormone- Control the basal metabolic rate, Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels
Parathyroid Hormone-Increases blood calcium levels
Thymosin Hormone- Stimulates the development of T-Cells involved in immune response
Insulin- Decrease blood glucose,Glucagon increase blood glucose
Glucocorticoids or Cortisol- Responds to stress or injury and releases anti-inflammatory
Epimephrine- Stimulates fight or flightier (Adrenaline)