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PNS and Endocrine System (Cranial Nerves (Trigeminal V (3 branches, motor-…

- - - - controls sleep cycles, alertness, and temperature
  - - - makes and releases hormones under the control of the hypothalamus
    - - stores and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus, such as antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, and releases them to the rest of the body as necessary
    - - regulates fluid balance by increasing body fluid volume and decreasing urine output
    - - stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and milk let down or ejection from alveoli
    - - stimulates egg maturation in the ovary and releases sex hormones
    - - both involved with development of ovaries and testes
    - - stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol
    - - stimulates growth during infancy and puberty
    - - initiates and maintains milk secretion
    - - control basal metabolic rate by releasing thyroxine
    - - stimulates production of melanin
  - - - controls the basal metabolic rate
      - controlled by tsh
    - - decrease blood calcium levels
  - - - increases blood calcium levels
  - - - breast development, fat distribution in the hips, legs, and breasts, and the development of reproductive organs
    - - prepare uterus for menstruation, ovulation, development of egg
  - - - stimulates the development of the t-cells involved in the immune response
  - - - maintains libido, muscle strength, and bone density in adulthood
      - puberty
      - healthy development of male sex organs
  - - - outer layer
      - glucocorticoids (cortisol) responds to stress or injury and releases anti inflammatory
      - activated by ACTH
    - - inner layer
      - epinephrine (adrenaline) stimulates the fight or flight response
- - - - decreases rate, slows heart
    - - little to no effect except blood vessels to external genitalia
    - - stimulates secretion of watery saliva
    - - constricts bronchioles
    - - constricts pupils, stimulates muscle which makes lens bulge for close vision
    - - increases glucose uptake from blood
    - - increases motility and amount of secretion by digestive organs, relaxes sphincters to allow foodstuffs to move through tract
    - - contracts smooth muscle of bladder wall
    - - no effect (no innervation)
    - - causes erection
    - - no effect (no innervation)
  - - - epinephrine and norepinephrine
    - - eyes, lung, heart, etc
    - - exercise
      - excitement
      - embarrassment
      - emergency
  - - - acetylcholine
    - - salivary glands, digestive and reproductive organs
    - - digestion
      - defecation
      - diuresis (urination)
  - - - dilates bronchioles
    - - stimulates release of glucose to blood
    - - constricts most vessels and increases blood pressure
    - - decreases activity of glands and muscles of digestive system
    - - increases rate and force of heartbeat
    - - relaxes smooth muscle of bladder wall
    - - dilates pupils, weakly inhibits muscle which flattens lens for far vision
    - - stimulates copious sweating
    - - stimulates secretion of thick, viscous saliva
    - - causes ejaculation, causes vagina to contract
    - - promotes renin release, decreases urine output