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Peripheral Nervous System & Endocrine System (Names and Functions of…
Peripheral Nervous System & Endocrine System
Cranial Nerves Names and Functions
Cranial Nerves
Olfactory (I)
sensory
nerve that functions in sense of smell
Optic (II)
sensory
arises from retina of the eye and functions in vision
Oculomotor (III)
mostly motor
functions as most of muscles of eye, eyelid, and pupillary constriction
Trochlear (IV)
motor
superior oblique muscle of eye
Trigeminal (V)
mixed (motor/sensory)
3 branches - motor - chewing, sensory - the skin of the face
Abducens (VI)
motor
lateral rectus eye muscle abducts the eye
Facial (VII)
mixed (motor/sensory)
motor to muscles of facial expression and sensory to taste
Vestibolocochlear (VIII)
sensory
hearing and equilibrium (balance)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
mixed (motor/sensory)
motor - secretion of saliva and sensory - to taste, regulation of blood pressure, and proprioception of muscles involved in swallowing
Vagus (X)
mixed (motor/sensory)
motor - smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, secretion of digestive fluids, heart, lungs- parasympathetic innervation, sensory - from visceral organs it supplies and proprioception
Accessory (XI)
mixed (motor/sensory)
motor - swallowing and the movements of the head, sensory - proprioception
Hypoglossal (XII)
mixed (motor/sensory)
motor - movement of tongue during speech and swallowing, sensory - proprioception
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Division
Originates in the thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord
T1 thru L2
synapse in ganglia near spinal cord
junction between neurons
short pre-ganglionic and long post ganglionic neuron
nerve before synapse
Neurotransmitters
epinephrine and norepheniren
Effector Organs
eyes,lings,heart,etc.
muscle function
Remember "E"
exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment
Parasympathetic Division
Originates in the brainstem and sacral
S1 thru S4
synapse in ganglia near effector organ
long preganglionic neuron
long pre-ganglionic and short post ganglionic neuron
Neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
Effector Organs
salivary glands. digestive and reproductive organs
affects the heart and lungs
Remember "D"
digestion, defecation, and diuresis (urination)
Names of all the Endocrine Organs
Pineal Gland
Melatonin
controls sleep cycle, alertness, and temperature
Hypothalamus
produces hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland
Pituitary Gland
"master gland" that signals other glands to produce their hormones when needed
anterior lobe: makes and releases hormones under the control of the hypothalamus
Posterior lobe: stores and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus, such as antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, and releases them to the rest of the body as necessary
Pancreas
controls blood sugar levels
Thyroid Gland
controls calcium levels
Parathyroid Gland
it is surrounding the trachea
Thymus Gland
makes up major part of the immune system and endocrine system, located in the upper chest cavity
Adrenal Gland
located on top of the kidneys
Ovaries
the reproductive organ in the female
Testes
the reproductive organ in the male
Names and Functions of each Hormone
Thyroid Hormone
controls the basal metabolic rate
controlled by TSH
Parathyroid Hormone
helps control calcium levels in the body and it has a big influence on the cells of your bones since they store calcium
Thymosin Hormone
stimulates the development of the T-cells involved in the immune response
Insulin
decrease blood glucose
Glucagon
increases blood glucose
Growth Hormone (GH)
causes growth and division of cells
such as muscle and bone cells throughout the body
Calcitonin
decreases blood calcium levels
Prolactin
stimulates the mammary glands to become functional in milk production
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
cause ovaries to release hormones
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
causes testes to release hormones
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
causes the thyroid gland to secrete hormones
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
has an influence on the adrenal cortex
Oxytocin
cause milk letdown during nursing and has multiple functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain
it is secreted during orgasm in the female and is released when the infant is nursing
Antidiuretic Hormone
causes absorption of water from the collecting tubules of the kidney, decreasing the volume of water in urine
also known as vasopressin