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The Peripheral Nervous/Endocrine System (Cranial Nerves (Optic (arises…
The Peripheral Nervous/Endocrine System
Cranial Nerves
Optic
arises from retina of the eye and functions in vision
Oculomotor
mostly motor function- most of muscles of eye,eyelid and pupillary constriction.
Olfactory
sensory- nerve that functions in sense of smell
Trochlear
Superior oblique muscle of eye.
Trigeminal
3 branches-motor-chewing sensory-skin of face
Abducens
Laeral rectus eye muscle abducts the eye
Facial
motor-muscles of facial expression; sensory-taste
Vestibulocochlear
Sensory-hearing and equilibrium(balance)
Glossopharyngeal
motor-secretion of saliva; Sensory- taste
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Associated with the "fight or flight" response
Short pre-ganglionic/long postganglionic
Originates in the thoracolumbar (T1-T2)
Neurotransmitters: Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Associated with the "daily" body functions
Long pre-ganglionic/long postganglionic
Originates in brainstem and sacral (S1-S4)
Neurotransmitters: Acctylcholine
Endocrine organs
Brain
Hypothalamus
Produces hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland.
Pituitary Gland
"Master gland' that signals other glands to produce hormones.
Anterior lobe
Makes and releases hormones
Posterior Lobe
Stores and releases hormones such as antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
Pineal Gland
Melatonin
Controls sleep cycles,alertness and temperature.
Hormones
Oxytocin
Stimulates contraction of the uterus during labour and milk
Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH)
Regulates fluid balance by increasing body fluid volume and decreasing urine output.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Stimulates egg maturation in the ovary and release sex hormones
Adrenocortictropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates the adreanal gland to release cortisol
Human growth hormone (HGH)
Stimulates growth during infancy and puberty
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Control basal metabolic rate by releasing thyroxine
Torso/limbs
Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Increases blood calcium levels.
Thymus gland
Thymosin Hormone
Stimulates the development of the T-cells involved in the immune response.
Thyroid gland
Thyroid hormone (thyrokine T3-T4)
Control the basal metabolic rate
Pancreas
Controls blood sugar levels
Insulin
Decrease blood glucose
Glucagon
Increase blood glucose
Adrenal gland
Adrenal Medulla
Inner layer
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Stimulates the "fight or flight" response.
Adrenal Cortex
Outer-layer
Gluvovorticoids/cortisol
Responds to stress or injury and releases anti-inflammatory
Parasympathetic/Sympathetic Organs
Sympathetic
"E" exercise,excitment,emergency, and embarrasment
Eyes,lungs,heart
"fight or flight" response
Parasympathetic
"D" Digestion,defecation, and divresis (urination)
Salivary glands,digestive and reproductive organs
"daily" body functions