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Energy Metabolism: Respiration (Total Energy Yield of Respiration…
Energy Metabolism: Respiration
Environmental and Internal Factors
Temperature
hot
respiration slows
cold
respiration slows
between 5-25 degrees Celcius
optimum respiration
Lack of Oxygen
demand for oxygen
high in roots
low in leaves
Internal Regulation
active metabolism
respiration=source of ATP
Total Energy Yield of Respiration
4 molecules of ATP used
Glycolysis
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
Citric Acid Cycle
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
2 NADPH
Fatty Acid
depends on length
if Acetyl CoA enters
Thermogenetic and Photorespiration
0 ATP
Respiratory Quotient
produces 6 oxygen
produces 6 CO2
used to measure amounts of gas
Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages
Beer
fermentation of grains
Barley
light vs ordinary
Wine
fermented fruit juices
grapes
varieties of one grape
Spirits
ethanol content above 20%
type depends on material
Barley, corn, etc
Warnings
Ethanol is a depressant
moderate consumption
reduces risk of heart disease
DUI
Alcoholism
alcohol is poisonous
death
blindness
Types of Respiration
Aerobic
Obligate Areobes
requires oxygen
Facultative Areobes
can live with and without oxygen
Initial step
Glycolysis
substrate-level phosphorylation
Gluconeogenesis
occurs in all organisms
in cytosol of all cells
Citric Acid Cycle aka Kreb's Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
NADH Shuttle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxygen is final electron accepter
Anaerobic
Obligate Anaerobes
requires absence of oxygen
Fungi (yeasts)
Facultative Anaerobes
can live with and without oxygen
Initial step
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
substrate-level phosphorylation
occurs in all organisms
in cytosol of all cells
Heat-gernerating
Thermogenetic Respiration
difference of products= lost as heat
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
important to metabolism in cells
Respiration of Lipids
Beta Oxidation
Photorespiration
