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Unit 4: Who is to Blame for the Cold War? (Berlin Blockade (Effects (East…
Unit 4: Who is to Blame for the Cold War?
USSR in Eastern Europe
2.George Keenan’s Long Telegram - He claims that Communism is the greatest threat the US has ever faced and laid out a plan for how to deal with the Soviets, DEFEAT THEM!
Winston Churchill’s Fulton Speech - condemned the USSR’s actions in Eastern Europe. States that an ‘Iron Curtain’ has fallen over Eastern Europe.
Stalin’s Bolshoi Speech - Stalin tells the world that the US is using war in order to make money. Attempted to make the USSR’s actions (in East. Euro) legitimate.
US reaction to Eastern Europe
Truman Doctrine – March 1947
-Truman Doctrine is announced, which claims the US has to help all countries avoid becoming communist.-Communism must be “Contained” to the USSR.
Marshall Plan
-The Marshall Plan Gives $17 Billion of aid to West. Europe to help rebuild countries so they will not turn to Communism.-Most of the money goes to Britain, France, Italy, and Germany.-Italy and France had very strong Communist parties after WWII.
USSR Responds
-Cominform is established to join all of the economies of the Communist countries in Eastern Europe, so they can work together to rebuild after WWII, under Soviet direction.
Berlin Blockade
Causes: Cold war was in its 1st stages, no one knew who would win
Aims: US/Britain want to to rebuild Germany, and USSR wants to destroy Germany by taking all valuable industry
Bizania: When the US and Britain join their zones together to help Germany's economy
American Aid: With passage of Marshall Aid, USSR begins to search all traffic into Berlin
New Currency: US and France declare the new nation of west Germany. 3 weeks later they create a new currency in capitalists Germany. This is an attempt to control the economy of Germany. Stalin now stops steps all traffic into Berlin
Effects
East and West Germany Created. Germany officially became 2 separate countries, this lasted until 1990
NATO/ Warsaw Pact Established. North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) was created in 1949, it promised that capitalist countries would fight together against USSR if atteacked
Cold war got worse. The US wanted to invade Germany to stop the Blockade. Both countries trusted each other even less
Both US and USSR begin to stockpile massive amounts of weapons, especially Nuclear Weapons
Alliance Breakdown
Potsdam Conference
Differences
The Us has a bomb, and doesn't need the USSR to defeat Japan
The US has new President and he is less tolerant of Communism and Stalin
Stalin's army is in control of most Eastern Europe and he is not moving back to USSR
Main Disagreements
Stalin arrested the Polish leaders and plans to start a communist government
Stalin demands $10 Billion from Germany for reparations
Stalin wants to establish communist government
Stalin was promised part of Japan, but Truman doesn't want to give anything because Stalin didn't help
Yalta Conference
When
February 1945(WWII is still going, US doesn't have the BOMB yet!!)
What
The Big 3 wanted to decide how Europe would be controlled after WWII, and promised stuffed to do in Europe
Who
Stalin(USSR), Franklin Roosevelt(USA), Winston Churchill(UK)
Promises
Germany divided into 4 zones, Find and put Nazis on trial, Set up Polish government, Helped the freed people of Europe, and Establish a commission to discuss German reparations