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Poststructuralist Identity (5 The importance of human agency: human…
Poststructuralist Identity
2 Identity as an ongoing process
Gidden's Ontological Security (1991): an ongoing narrative in search of 'ontological security', the posession of 'answers' to fundamental questions which all human life in some way addresses.
The crossroad of the past, present and future
Dialectic process
Not simple accumulation of experience and knowledge
Feelings of ambivalence
Bauman (1991): uncertainty of feeling (ambivalence): feeling a part and feeling apart
Elliot (1996): tension between self and other
Papastergiadis (2000): nearness and farness (Simmel's)
Simmel (1990): intimate with one, outside them
Forced to choose life trajectories
not a simple half-and half proposition
struggle to reach the balance (Block, 2007)
critical experiences (Block, 2002a): contact with L2 causes irreversible destablization of individual's sense of self.
Hybrid Identity
Third place (Bhabha, 1994; Hall 1996)
Negotiation of Difference (Papastergiadis, 2000)
5
The importance of human agency: human agency plays more role in constructing identities
Identity as self-concscious
reflexive project of individual agency
created and maintaned by individuals
reflexive constitution of self-identity (Giddens, 1991)
Matthews (2000)
One 'assumes' an identity and then works on it
cultural supermarket
offers various culture
not free market: there are social structures that constrain
reality in an equal way: social structures that do not allow them to make as many choices
May (2001)
hybridity and third place are overstatement
social constructs such as ethnic affiliation, while not fixed for life, do nevertheless provide a grounding for much one's day-to-day activity.
the role of consciousness in the construction of subjectivity
individual and collective choices are circumsribed by the ethnic categories available at any given time and place
Ortner 2005
Actors have some degree of reflexitivity about themselves and desires
penetration intow how they are formed
Identity can be psychological as well as sosiological
6 community of practice
Eckert and McConnel-Ginet (1992): an aggregate of people who come together around mutual engagement in an endavour.
Learning is situated in the context of our lived experience of participation in the world
Wenger (1998)
being active participant in practices of social practices and construct identities in relationship to these communities
different subject position in day-to-day interactions with family, colleagues, etc.
4 Identity Construction: agency vs. structure
identity as an emergent process
Crossroads of structure and agency
identity is conditioned by social interaction and social structure, conditions social interaction and social structure
constitutive of and constituted by the social environment
Bourdieu (1977); Giddens (1991)
Giddens' Structuration Theory (1984)
reject that actions of individuals are determined by structures; to account for human activity by solely depending on agency
environments provide conditions and impose constraints; on the same time altering and recreating the environment
7 other names of identity
identification (Hall, 1995)
subjectivities (Weedon, 1997)
conscious and unconscious thoughts and emotions of the individual, her sense of herself and her ways of understanding her relation in the world
Positioning (Davies and Harre, 1999)
the constant and ongoing positioning of individuals in interaction with others
the discursive process whereby people are located in conversations as observably and subjectively coherent participants in jointly produced storylines
identity (Pavlenko and Blackledge (2004); Joseph (2004); Block (2006, 2007); Benwell and Stokeoe (2006)
Social Variables in Poststructiralist Study of Identity
emphasize one or more social variables
ethnicity
race
nationality
gender
social class
language
8 poststructuralis approach to identity
identity is socially constructed, a self-conscious, ongoing narrative an individual performs, interprets and projects in dress, bodily movements, actions and language.
negotiating new subject positions at the corssroads of the past, present and future.
individual is shaped by his sociohistory but also shapes hi sociohistory as life goes on.
conflictive, ambivalent, unequal power relations
3 Blommaert, 2006)
achieved or inhabited identity: the identity people themselves articulate or claim.
ascribed or attributed identity: the identity given to someone by someone else.