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Multi-store memory model (Retrieval (This involves recovering the…
Multi-store memory model
Memory is so important for sports performers, whether they are learning new skills or developing perviously acquired skills and strategies. Remembering the correct techniques as well as the tactics required to be effective in sport is crucial to all sports performers.
Encoding
This involves the conversion of information into codes called visual codes, auditory codes and semantic codes. The latter is the conversion of information according to meaning.
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Retrieval
This involves recovering the information that has been stored. The success of this retrieval depends on how well known the information and how much there is.
The memory is very important in processing information. Previous experiences affect how we judge and interpret information, and the course of action taken.
The memory process is complex, and although there has been research, it is not fully understood.
The model describes memory as a 3-stage process: short-term sensory store :arrow_right: short-term memory :arrow_right: long-term memory.
All relevant information that is selected passes through the short-term memory. The process of chunking can help a performer to deal with larger amounts of information. Items of information need to be rehearsed before they can be stored in the long-term memory.
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Short-term memory
The 'working memory' because this is where information is used to decide what needs to be done. Only a limited amount of information can be stored in the short-term memory - about 7 pieces of information for 30 seconds.
To extend the time items are remembered for, the performer would have to to rehearse the information, through imagery or sub-verbal repetition.
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If information is considered important enough and is rehearsed, it can be passed into the long-term memory. This process is called encoding Information that is considered not important, or is not rehearsed, is usually lost because it does not go to the long-term memory.
Long-term memory
This store of information has almost limitless capacity and holds information for long periods of time.
The stored information has been encoded. Information stored in the long-term memory is possibly by associating it with other information or with meaning.
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Motor programmes are stored in the long-term memory because they have been rehearsed many times. The process of continued rehearsal leads to a skill being almost automatic, and the process of learning by rehearsal is often referred to as 'over-learning'.