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Genetics (Chromosomal Abnomalities chromosomal abnormalities (When an…
Genetics
Chromosomal Abnomalities 
When an offspring inherits an incorrect amount of chromosomes, leading to visible and invisible changes that occur. One example is Down Syndrome.
Gene
A specific segment of a chromosome, encoded by DNA. One example is eye color.
Homozygous
When an organisms has two of the same alleles, such as two dominant or two recessive. One example is if a human has blue eyes.
Trait
A physical characteristic expressed by an organism. Contains most observable features of many organisms. One example is hair color.
Telomeres
An area of nucleotide sequences at the end of chromosomes that protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with others.
Heterozygous
When an organism has two different alleles, such as one dominant and one recessive. One example is if a human receives one gene for brown eyes and one for blue.
Gregor Mendel
An Austrian scientist and monk that famously experimented with pea plants to discover relationships between how traits are expressed across generations. Also known as "The Father of Modern Genetics."
Alleles
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Genotype
All of the genes that an organism possesses. Cannot be externally observed. One example is if a human receives one gene for brown eyes and one for blue, but only the brown shows.
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Dominant Trait/Allele
An allele or trait that gets "masked" by the dominant ones unless they are the only ones present. One example is the allele for brown eyes.
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Phenotype
The traits that an organism expresses. Can be externally observed. One example is a human receives one gene for brown eyes and one for blue, and the brown is externally observable.
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