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Eye & Endocrine system Carlos Duarte Period 5 (names of the hormones…
Eye & Endocrine system
Carlos Duarte Period 5
Major glands/ organs and their functions
Pineal - The pineal gland produces melatonin which helps maintain circadian rhythm and regulate reproductive hormones
Parathyroid-Regulates the body’s calcium levels
Thyroid - To regulate your metabolism, which is your body’s ability to break down food and converted to energy
Adrenal -Secreting the hormone adrenaline which rapidly prepares your body to spring into action in a stressful situation
Pancreas- Pancreas has the dual function of secreting hormones into blood and secreting enzymes through ducts
Ovary- Maintain the health of the female reproductive system secrete two main hormones- estrogen and progesterone
Testis-Secrete testosterone, which is necessary to proper physical development in boys
Hypophysis (pituitary) - The hormones of the pituitary gland help regulate the functions of other endocrine glands. Has two parts the anterior lobe and posterior lobe that have two very separate functions
Major structures and functions of the Eyes
Choroid- Dark pigment layer
Cilliary body - Focuses light rays on fovea
Retina -Layer of sensory receptor cells
Lens- Circular muscle control is the size of pupil
Vitreous humor- Jelly like fluid maintains eyeball shape
Iris- Opening that lets light into eye
Fatty tissue - Cushions the eye
Pupil- Reflects light into the retina in levels of low light
Optic nerve- Send sensory information to the brain
Tapetum- controls shape of lens
Sclera-Fibrous white part of the eye
Cornea - transparent covering
Function - The text in response to electromagnetic radiation
Major functions of the endocrine system
Works with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis
Is made up of cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones into body fluids then hormones diffuse into the bloodstream to act on target cells some distance away
Diseases
associated with the endocrine system
Goiter - The thyroid needs iodine to produce T3 and T4. Lack of iodine can lead to goiter swelling of the thyroid
Hyperthyroidism ; symptoms: fatigue, weakness, weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Graves disease -Auto immune disorder that causes Hyper thyroidism
Diabetes type one - Beta cells Don’t make insulin leading to blood sugar being too high
Imbalance of GH - Hypersecretion of GH is usually caused by anterior pituitary tumor
Diabetes type two - body produces insulin but the cells do not respond to it. Eventually insulin production decreases and 80% of people become overweight
Hyperthyroidism - May be genetic or caused by a tumor on thyroid too much thyroxine causing. High metabolic rate, rapid heart beat, weight loss , nervousness
names of the hormones produced and their target organs along with functions;
Parathyroid hormone- breakdown of calcium containing bone matrix to release free calcium ions into the bloodstream. Returns calcium ions filtered out of the body back to the bloodstream to be conserved
Cortisol-Breakdown of proteins and lipids to produce glucose and reduces inflammation and immune response
Calcitonin -Reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the blood by aiding The absorption of calcium into the matrix of bones
Aldosterone-Regulates the concentration of mineral ions in the body
Thyroid hormone - regulate the body‘s metabolism rate
Epinephrine/ norepinephrine -Increase the flow of blood to the brain and muscles to improve the fight or flight response to the stress
Oxytocin- triggers contractions and release of milk during breast-feeding
Insulin-Lowering blood glucose levels after a meal and triggers absorption of glucose from blood into Cassell’s
Antidouretic hormone-Reduces blood flow to the sweat glands and prevents water loss in the body by increasing of water and kidneys
Glucagon-Break down the polysaccharide glycogen to release glucose into the bloodstream
Luteninizing-Produce sex hormone estrogen in females and testosterone in males
Testosterone -start of puberty for males
Follicle stimulating hormone- Stimulates the follicle cells
Estrogen-Primary female sex hormones , breast , uterine development, growth of pubic hair and adult height
Prolactin-To produce breast milk
Progesterone - maintains appropriate conditions in the human body to support a developing fetus
Adrenocorticotropic hormone- to produce its hormones
Melatonin-Helps regulate the human sleep wake cycle cause you to get sleepy
Thyroid stimulating hormone- tropic hormone responsible for the Simulation of the thyroid gland
Thymosin- Help entering to develop T lymphocytes during fetal growth and childhood and protects the body
Growth hormone - Growth of the bodies bones and muscles