The eye and Endocrine System
THE EYE
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
fat tissue- cushions & protects the eye
superior, inferior oblique/rectus, lateral/medial rectus
Sclera- protects & gives eye it's shape
Optic Nerve- taking images received by retina
Cornea- allows light to pass
aqueous humor- retain shape of cornea
pupil- how much light passes
iris- controls amount of light that enters the eye
lens- focusing on image
ciliary muscles- size of lens
vitreous humor- helps maintain shape of eye
retina- houses the sight receptors that translate impulses into neural inputs
blindspot- optic nerve emerges
rods- help dim light
cones- bright light
tapetum lucidum- reflect evident
choroid layer-houses many blood vessels
MAJOR FUNCTIONS
regulate body growth
metabolism
sexual development and function
GLANDS & HORMONES
Anterior pituitary (gland)-> growth hormone-> target muscle &bones-> stimulating growth, repair and reproduction
anterior pituitary-> thyroid- stimulating hormone-> thyroid gland-> tropic hormone responsible for the stimulation
anterior pituitary-> adrencorticotropic hormone->adrenal cortex-> outer part of the adrenal cortex - to produce its hormones
Anterior pituitary-> prolactin-> mammary glands-> breast to produce milk
anterior pituitary-> follicle-stimulating hormone-> follicle cells of gonads-> (gonads = sex organs) produce gametes
anterior pituitary-> luteinizing hormone-> gonads-> to produce sex hormones
posterior pituitary-> antidiuretic hormone-> kidneys-> prevents water loss
posterior pituitary-> oxytocin-> uterine-> release of milk during breast feeding
thyroid gland-> thyroid gland-> all cells in body-> cellular activity and energy in usage in the body
thyroid gland-> calcitonin-> matrix of bones-> reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the blood
parathyroid gland->parathyroid hormone-> bones & kidneys-> break down calcium containing bone matrix
adrenal cortex-> aldosterone-> kidney-> regulate the concentration of minerals in the body
adrenal cortex-> cortisol-> proteins & lipids-> reduce inflammation and immune response
adrenal medulla-> epinephrine/ nonepinephrine-> automatic nervous system-> increase the flow of blood to the brain & muscles to improve the " fight or fight" response to stress
pancreas-> glucagon-> muscle or liver cells-> break down the polysaccharide
testes-> testorone-> muscles, bones, sex organs & hair follicles-> growth & increases in strength of the bones & muscles
ovaries-> estrogen-> uterine, breast-> development of female
ovaries-> progesterone-> ovulation-> support of deveoping fetus
pineal gland-> melatonin-> hypothalamus-> help regulate the human sleep - wake cycle
thymus-> thymosin-> fetal development-> help to train & develop T-lymphocytes during fetal development & childhood
Disorders of the Endocrine System
Hyersecetion of GH, GIGANTISM ( can reach 8 ft)
hyposecretion of GH; dwarfism (4 feet)
hyperthyroidism- tumor on thyroid
graves disease- autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyoidism
Diabetes- beta cells doesn't make insulin