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Topic 1 summary (Revolution from below (Navy frustrated, Sailors mutinied…
Topic 1 summary
Revolution from below
Navy frustrated
Sailors mutinied at Kiel and refused to fight the British in early November
Army didnt cooperate successfully with Navy
due to their furstration at the army
this sparked revolts across Germany
soldiers refused to put down riots
turmoil
government out of control
7th November - thousands of workers marched on Munich
People also unhappy about October revolution from above
9th November: Kaiser abdicates and Max of Baden replaced by Ebert
Reality of Treaty of Versailles
Army limited to 100,000
alsace lorraine returned
Polish corridor would be created
sudentenland
Lost 13% of land but 48% of resources
no U boats, very limited battleships (6)
Not allowed to be in league of nations
Would be blamed for the war - war guilt clause
reparation bill of 6.6 billion
Rhineland to be occupied by French
Hyperinflation
couldn't afford reparations
printed more money
Inflation from the war
reduced value
told people not to work and resist against French and Belgian troops in the Rhineland
Paid for this
no resources and Germany in further debt
beenfits for war veterans
refusal to make cuts
Early Nazi party
too hated Treaty of Versailles
attempt of forcible takeover like Mussolini
Appealed due to 1924 hyperinflation crisis
Munich Putsch
Seckt snaked them out
Nazis shot and Hitler arrested
Nazi party banned
Hitler put into jail
Had support from von Kahr and Lossow
Revoltuion from above
Ludendorff realised Germany was going to lose the war
didn't want the blame for this
August retreat on the Western front
wanted a constitutional government to agree peace with Woodrow Wilson USA
October, Max of Baden made chancellor
9th November Kaiser forced out and Max of Baden resigns
Ebert becomes Chancellor
Armistice signed by Ebert
Stab in the back myth
people thought Germany was winning the war
shocked and confused
Propaganda and censorship
believed the new government had given up on Germany
believed Germany hadn't lost the war because of their own failures
People hated the Wiemar republic from the start
Nicknamed the November Criminals
Expectations for treaty of Versailles
thought treaty would be based on Wilson 14 points
included self determination
Knew there would be some punishment
freedom of the seas
League of nations would be used to resolve conflict instead of war
alsace lorraine would be lost
countries taken over by Germany would regain independence
Impact of WW1
Hyperinflation
casualties and war wounded
Hatred the new government - stab in the back myth
Starvation - British blockafde
deficit due to war spending
Had lost so faced reparations and punishment