How do batteries store energy and how can we optimize them for a particular use? What trade-offs exist in their performance?
Checkpoint 1 Potato Battery
"How does the arrangement of batteries affect voltage/current?"
[Modeling]
"What determines the voltage/current/capacity of a battery?"
Checkpoint 4: Design Cycles
How can I optimize the voltage/current/capacity of a battery?
[materials cost//money]
[new skill]
How does the voltage/current/capacity of a battery affect car performance?
Final Product 3
"How can I identify relevant and reliable sources of science information?"
Why is battery technology important? What is the current state of battery technology?
[SRS+SMS]
equilibrium (PS1B2: Nernst) // Log / Ln (equations broken up)
Half-Cell Reaction + Electrochemical Potential POGIL
equilibrium introduced as a response to Daniell cell learnings (salt bridge)
[pogil models 3-4]
Checkpoint 3: activity series + lab (this reacts with this, but not that) (potential measured between these metals is _)
discourse activity
equilibrium lab + spectrophotomers
car battery example (reading + HW)
cell phone battery ("What does it mean for my battery to be 'dead?")
PERFORMANCE TASK #:
PARTICLE MODEL OF A BATTERY
[Modeling & JCE]
model of battery at different stages [charged/charging/dead]
["If there were no constranits what would your ideal battery consist of and why?]
design cycles for one battery type
max voltage/current/total energy w/ resistor (voltage/time) // distributions of performance (criteria of what could impact distribution)
EXTENSION: CAR distance/speed
EXTENSION 2: If there were no constraints, what would you do differently? Materials?
"How and why do batteries produce a flow of electrons?"
Checkpoint 2 Penny Battery
"What are the electron dynamics of a battery?" "Where are electrons generated, consumed, and what is their path between those points?"
minor Q: "what is role of electrolytes?"
electrode/electron diagrams
[designing an experiment]
final product 1: Daniell Cell
"How can I manipulate the variables of the cells in a battery to change voltage/current?"
[Q: what is the role of the salt bridge/electrolyte?]
salt bridge on/off shows equilibrium reaction: charge builds up and rxn reverses
[designing an experiment]
5 days total with these student-specific outcomes:
- students come to understand that electrons are generated at the anode of a battery
- students come to understand that electrons are consumed at the cathode of a battery
- students come to understand that the anode and cathode represent half-cell, equilibrium reactions
- students come to understand that coupled half-cell reactions give rise to voltage and current
- students apply this knowledge and are able to manipulate electrochemical cells to produce a desired outcome (e.g., changes in V/I)
Content + Concepts CP2
Content + Concepts CP3
Penny battery lab
"What are electrodes?" "What is happening chemically at an electrode?"
[Day 1]
Potato battery engage
first hands-on experience: seeing voltage, current, and changes of them
[“How do electrons move in a circuit connected to a battery?"]
"what materials do you need?" "made a battery // what is this measurement (voltage and current?)
[make initial model on handout w. voltage layered on]
interrupt activity
voltage is...
[Day 2]
Potato battery revisited
current is...
Brainstorm: "What is current measuring?" "From where to where is current flowing?"
[revise model on handout w. current layered on]
C+C CP1 "voltage is..."
[Day 3]
Series / parallel and phet activity
circuit activity (phet activity)
confirm/revise: "What is current measuring?" "From where to where is current flowing?"
model and paste work into CP1
Revise and finish Model in CP1
submit CP1 with 3 models and T gives feedback
C+C CP1
Electrochemistry POGIL (Models 1-2?)
[basic ideas about electrodes to build on cathode/anode/positive/negative terminal from CP1]