Glucocorticioids: break down proteins and lipids to produce glucose. Also function to reduce inflammation and immune response

Mineralocorticoids: group of hormones that help to regulate the concentration of mineral ions in the body

Androgens: produced at low levels in the adrenal cortex to regulate the growth and activity of cells that are receptive to male hormones

produces the hormones epinephrine and nor epinephrine under stimulation by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

They help release the flow of blood to the brain and muscles to improve the fight or flight response to stress.

produces three major hormones: Calcitonin, Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine

Calcitonin is released when calcium ion levels in the blood rise above a certain set point.

Oxytocin triggers uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of milk during breastfeeding

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prevents water loss in the body by increasing the re-uptake of water in the kidneys and reducing blood flow to sweat glands.

The function of the anterior pituitary gland is controlled by the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus

Thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic, follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, human growth hormone, Prolactin hormone

small pinecone-shaped mass of glandular tissue found just posterior to the thalamus of the brain.

the activity of the pineal gland is inhibited by stimulation from the photoreceptors of the retina.

Increased melatonin production causes humans to feel drowsy at nighttime when the pineal gland is active

the pancreas is considered to be a heterocrine gland as it contains both endocrine and exocrine tissue.

The alpha cells produce the hormone glucagon, which is responsible for raising blood glucose levels. Glucagon triggers muscle and liver cells to break down the polysaccharide glycogen to release glucose into the bloodstream.

The beta cells produce the hormone insulin, which is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal

These sex hormones determine the secondary sex characteristics of adult females and adult males.

Testes: This hormone causes growth and increases in strength of the bones and muscles, including the accelerated growth of long bones during adolescence

The thymus produces hormones called thymosins that help to train and develop T-lymphocytes during fetal development and childhood

The thymus becomes inactive during puberty and is slowly replaced by adipose tissue throughout a person’s life.

capable of producing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to high blood pressure levels.

ANP also reduces blood volume and pressure by causing water and salt to be excreted out of the blood by the kidneys.

produce the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) in response to low levels of oxygen in the blood

The hormones cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, and gastrin are all produced by the organs of the gastrointestinal tract

produces the hormone leptin that is involved in the management of appetite and energy usage by the body. Leptin is produced at levels relative to the amount of adipose tissue in the body, allowing the brain to monitor the body’s energy storage condition

In pregnant women, the placenta produces several hormones that help to maintain pregnancy

responsible for the direct control of the endocrine system through the pituitary gland

The hypothalamus contains special cells called neurosecretory cells—neurons that secrete hormones