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“Eye and Endocrine System Roberto Ibarra Period 1 (Major functions of the…
“Eye and Endocrine System Roberto Ibarra Period 1
Hormones Produced/Target Organs :star:
Aldosterone:
hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium reabsorpption and potassium secretion in the kidney
Growth Hormone (GH
):
stimulates growth obviously and is produced in the anterior pituitary
Oxytocin
:
synthesized in the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary contraction of the uterus in childbirth
Prolactin:
anterior pituitarythat stimulates the breats to produce milk
Glucagon:
formed by alpha cells od pancreatic islets raise glucose levels of blood
Estrogen
:
stimulate female secondary sex charactersistics
Progesterone:
hormone responsibble for the preparation of uterus for fertilization
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine:
chief hormone produced by adrenal medulla adrenaline/catechoamineneurotransmitter associted with sympathetic nervous system
Testosterone
:
male sex hormone produced by the testes during puberty and for sperm production
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
:
producd by hypothalamus and released by posterioir pituitary/ stimulates kidneys to reabsorb more water
Parathyroid hormone
: controls clacium balance in blood (Ca2+ levels rise=trigger of PTH)
Major functions of the endocrine system :star:
respond slowly/ with long duration and distances through hormones into the blood
produce hormones and lack ducts
Major Functions of Hormones
reproduction
-Growth and development
Maintaining electrolyte (water), and balance in blood
regulation of metabolism/ energy
-body defenses/ mobility
Structures/Functions of the Eye :star:
Endocrine System Diseases :star:
Diabetes Insipidus: a syndronme that causes intense thirst and huge urine output
Gigantism: the persone because abnormally tall but has a normal proportional body
Acromegaly: overgrowth of bones in the hands feet and face
Myxedema: hypothyroid syndrome that results in low metabloic rates, cold sensations and possible dry skin
Graves' Disease: most common hypothyroid pathology which makes a person have abnomalities directed against the follicular cells
Addison's Disease: hyposecretory disorder of the adrenal cortex and affected people lose weight/ sodium levels and potassium levels rise
Tye 1 diabetes melitus: insulin is present but deficient
Tye 2 diabetes melitus: excessive hunger
Major glands/organs and functions :star:
Hypothalamus
Region of the diencephalon forming in the thrid venticle of the brain/ controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
Pituitary
Neuroendocrine gland beneath the brain and helps regulate the gonads, thyroid, adrenal cortex, lactation, and water balance
Thyroid
one of the largest endocrine glands and is anterior to the trachea and controls the metbolic rates of the body
Parathyroids
small endocrine gland thats are posterior of the thyroid gland/seecrete parathyoid hormone
Adrenals
hormone producing gland that is locate din the superior region of the kidneys and consist of the medulla and the cortex
Pineal Body
a hormone secreting part of the diencephalon of the brain to influence the reproductive organs and functions
The Ovaries
female reproductive organ in which the eggsa are produced as well as female gonads like progesterone and estrogen
The Testes
male primary reproducive organ that produces sperm and male gonads like testosterone
Aqueous humor
: watery fluid in the anterior segment fo the eye in compposition to blodd plasma (forms/ contains continually)
Ciliary body/muscles
: anterior the choroid thickened ring of tissue around lens. Muscles smooth muscle that control the lens shape
Choroid
: blood vessel membrane for nourishment of the eye and produces melanocytes to help absorb light
Cornea:
transpoarent/clear that lets light enter the eye and helps bend the light
Iris
: colored part of the eye and contain brown pigments when developed
Lens
: convex/transparent/flexible and changes shape fo the focusing of light on retina
Optic disc
: where the optic nerve exits the eye and not reinforced by the sclera/ lacks photoreceptors
Pupil
: allows the light to enter the eye and changes sizes (dilate when something appeal us)
Retina
: inner layer of the eyeball, contains photreceptors (rods/cones)
Vitreous Humor:
transmits light, supports a region of the lens, contributes to pressure with force
Sclera
:posterior portion and is white porotects and shapes the eyes with the help of extrinsic muscles