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LomeliVanessaEyeEndocrine (Hormones (targets and functions) (Follicle…
LomeliVanessaEyeEndocrine
Eye (Structures and Functions)
Iris
colored portion of the eye;
Sclera
white of the eye; protects, shapes, and provides a sturdy anchoring site for extrinsic eye muscles
Ciliary Body
made up of ciliary muscles, ciliary processes, and a ciliary zonule; controls the lens shape.
Cornea
transparent; lets light enter the eye and is a major part of light bending apparatus
Choroid Membrane
blood, nutrient filled membrane for the eye; its melanocytes helps absorb light to prevent scattering and reflecting w/ in the eye (which may lead to visual confusion)
Vitreous Humor
surface of the lens; transmits light, holds neural layer firmly against pigmented layer and contributes to intraocular layer.
Aqueous Humor
internal chamber; forms and drains, maintains intraocular pressure, supplies nutrients and oxygen and carries away metabolic wastes.
Eyebrow
shades eye from sunlight and prevents eyes from perspiration
Retina
ora serrata, photoreceptors, optic disc tracks; pigmented layer that absorb light and prevent scattering, stores vitamin A
lens
transparent, flexible structure, avascular; can change shape to precisely focus light on the retina
Endocrine System (Structures and Functions)
Endocrine Glands
Parathyroid
Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
Pancreas
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Thymus
Adrenal Cortex
Ovaries
Testes
Adrenal Medulla
Endocrine Organs
Hormones (targets and functions)
Follicle-stimulating
produces gametes (sperm and ovaries)
Luteinizing
produces estrogen and testosterone
Prolactin
stimulates mammary glands to release milk through the female breasts
Antidiuretic
prevents water loss by increasing the re-uptake of water in the kidneys; reducing blood flows to sweat glands
Adrenocorticotropic
produces hormones
Oxytocin
triggers uterine contractions and the release of milk during birth
Thyroid-Stimluating
Stimulates the thyroid gland
Thyroid (T3&T4)
increased T3 and T4 levels lead to an increase in acellular activity; aids in the absorption of energy usage
Growth Hormone
the GH inhibits the release of growth hormones
Calcitonin
reduces the concentration of calcium ions in the blood by aiding in the absorption of calcium into the matrix
Parathyroid
Epinephrine/ Norepinphrine
triggers an increase in blood flow to the brain and muscles for a "fight or flight" response; increase in heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure
decreases blood flow to nonresponding organs
Aldosterone
regulates the mineral concentration for the brain, blood, and muscles
Isulin
kidneys absorbs glucose
Cortisol
breakdown of proteins and lipids to produce glucose; reduces inflammation and immune response
Glucagon
muscle and liver cells breakdown glycogen thus transforming it into glucose; glucose is then released into the blood stream
Testosterone
triggers bone and muscle growth in males; aids in the development of sex organs
Estrogen
trigger the growth and development of the uterine and breasts;
bone growth;
growth of pubic hair
Progesterone
maintains the conditions of the placenta for the fetus
Melatonin
causes drowsyness; controls sleep/wake cycle
Thymosin
lymphocytes protect from pathogens
Associated Diseases
Hypothyroidism
under active thyroid gland, cannnot make enough of thyroid hormones to regulate the body
Grave's Disease
autoimmune response; person makes abnormal antibodies directed against thyroid follicular cells
Myxedema
long, untreated form of hypothyroidism; follicular cells of the thyroid glands produce colloid but cannot iodine it
Hyperparathyroidism
state of decreased secretion or activity of parathyroid hormone
Goiter
occurs due to myxedema; an enlargement of the thyroid gland, results from the lack of iodine in the blood
Hypoparathyroidism
hypocalcemia
a condition in which there are lower-than-average levels of calcium in the liquid part of the blood, or the plasma.
hypercalcemia