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Eye and Endocrine System by Philopater Migalli Period 1 (names of the…
Eye and Endocrine System
by Philopater Migalli
Period 1
Diseases
associated with the endocrine system
Parathyroid disease
Hypothyroidism
Endocrine disease
Major functions of the endocrine system
Controls
Growth and Development
Tissue Function
Metabolism
Sexual Function
Sleep And Mood
Reproduction
Major glands/organs and their
functions
Testes
Secretes
Testosterone
Ovaries
Secretes
Estrogen
Progesterone
Pancreas
Secretes
Glucagon
Insulin
Thyroid Gland
Secretes
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Secretes
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
Adrenal Cortex
Secretes
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens
Glucocorticoids
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Secretes
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Human growth hormone (HGH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Adrenal Medulla
Secretes
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Pineal Gland
Secretes
Melatonin
Parathyroids
Secretes
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Hypothalamus
Secretes
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
Oxytocin
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Major structures and
functions of the eye
Iris
regulates amount of light entering the eye
Retina
contains photoreceptors that convert light
Pupil
opening through which light passes
Vitreous Humor
provides major internal reinforcement of the posterior part of the eye
Cornea
allows light to enter the eye
Sclera
protects and shapes the eyeball
Ciliary Bodies
controls lens shape
Conjuctiva
lines the surface of eyelid
Choroid
prevents light scatter within the eye
Optic Nerve
transmits visual information from the eye to the brain
Lens
allows light to be properly focused
Aqueous Humor
maintain intraocular pressure of the eye
names of the hormones produced and their target organs along with functions
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
Target
Kidneys
Function
Regulate the concentration of mineral ions in the body
Thyroid Hormone (TH)
Target
Liver
Function
Regulates the body's metabolic rate
Calcitonin
Target
Bones
Function
Functions to reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the blood by aiding the absorption of calcium into the matrix of bones
Cortisol (glucocorticoids)
Target
Pituitary Glands
Function
Breakdown of proteins and lipids to produce glucose
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Target
Kidneys
Function
Releasing calcium ions into the bloodstream if the calcium levels are low
Oxytocin
Target
Ovary and Testes
Function
Triggers uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of milk during breast feeding
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Target
ANS
Function
Increase the flow of blood to the brain and muscles
Andtidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin ADH)
Target
Kidney
Function
Prevents water loss in the body by increasing the re uptake of water in the kidneys and reducing blood flow to sweat glands
Insulin
Target
Liver
Function
Lowering blood glucose levels after a meal
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Target
Gonads
Function
Stimulates the gonads to produce sex hormones
Glucagon
Target
Muscle and Liver Cells
Function
Breakdown the polyacrylamide glycogen to release glucose into the bloodstream
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Target
Follicle Cells
Function
Stimulates the follicle cells of the gonads to produce gametes ova in females and sperm in males
Testosterone
Target
Muscles
Function
This hormone causes growth and increases in strength of the bones and muscles
Prolactin (PRL)
Target
Mammary Glands
Function
Stimulates the mammary glands of the breast to produce milk
Estrogen
Target
Uterine
Function
Uterine Development
Progesterone
Target
Uterus
Function
Maintains appropriate conditions in the human body to support a developing fetus
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Target
Adrenal Cortex
Function
Stimulates the adrenal cortex, the outer part of the adrenal gland, to produce its hormones
Melatonin
Target
Retina
Function
Helps to regulate the human sleep wake cycle known as the circadian rhythm
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Target
Thyroid Gland
Function
Responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland
Thymosin
Target
T-Lymphocytes
Function
Help to train and develop T-lymphocytes during fetal development and childhood
Growth Hormone (GH)
Target
Bones, Muscles
Function
Affects many target cells throughout the body by stimulating their growth, repair, and reproduction