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Eye and Endocrine, Melissa Benitez, P.1 (Major glands/organs and their…
Eye and Endocrine, Melissa Benitez, P.1
Major functions of the endocrine system
to maintain homeostasis by secreting hormones into capillaries , and maintains pH and body fluid balance
resisting stress
use food to produce energy
regulating reproduction
regulates growth
Disease associated with the endocrine system
Diabetes insipidus:deficiency of pitressin hormone resulting in copious amounts of urine being produced
Diabetes mellitus:deficiency of pancreatic hormone, insulin - or development of insensitivity to insulin, leading to failure to metabolise carbohydrates
Crushing's syndrome:excessive adrenal cortex hormones causing abnormal distribution of hair, fat and shrinking of genitals
Cretinism:under -section of thyroxine hormone in babies - present at birth causing mental and physical retardation
Addisons's Disease:nsufficient adrenal cortex hormones produced causing weakness, pigmentation of skin, wasting etc
Acromegaly:overgrowth of flat bones of face, hands and feet caused by excessive growth hormone in adults
Names of hormones produced & their target organs along with functions
Anterior pituitary
FSH- target cells:testes in males, ovaries in females
LH: target cells:testes in males, ovaries in females
HGH- human growth hormone: stimulates secretion of hormones that stimulate body growth and metabolism. Target cells- Cartilage, Bone, Skeletal, Muscle, Liver
MSH- target cells: skin
TSH-thyroid stimulating hormone :stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroxine,secretion of hormone.Target cell-thyroid gland
Found in posterior pituitary:ADH and Oxycontin(uterus and mammary glands)
Major glands/organs and their functions
hypothalamus: controls pituitary gland, control center for recognition & analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, body temperature
pancreas:lying between stomach & small intestine, regulates blood sugar by secreting hormones to regulate insulin & glucagon
adrenal:atop of kidneys, secretes steroids,regulates stress response
ovaries:female reproductive glands, produces egg, progesterone, & estrogen
parathyroid:in thyroid and regulates calcium in blood
testes:male reproductive glands, produces sperm and testosterone
thyroid:neck front of trachea,produces thyroxin helps regulate metabolism
pituitary: master gland,affects other glands, produces GH.
Major structures and functions of the eye
Sclera: maintains eye shape
Choroid: provides oxygen
Optic disk:blind spot
Rectus Muscle: Controls the movement of the eye
Vitreous Humor
Gel like substance in the posterior chamber, gives structure to the eye and maintains its shape.