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Eye and Endocrine System - Darren Butarbutar Period 2 (Major Hormones/…
Eye and Endocrine System - Darren Butarbutar Period 2
Major Structure and Function Of the Eye
Sclera
protective outer layer of the eye
Optic Nerve
carries impulses for sight from the retina to the brain.
Cornea
Let light rays enter the eye and converge light rays
Lens
Bring rays of light to focus on the retina.
Iris
Gives color to the eye and controls the amount of light entering the eye by varying the size of the papillary opening
Pupil
Regulates the amount of light that enters the eye
Cilliary Bodies
produce aqueous fluid
Aqueos Humor
nourish the cornea, iris, and lens by carrying nutrients and removes waste products excreted from the lens
Retina
Converts images from the eye's optical system into electrical impulses that are sent along the optic nerve to the brain, to interpret as vision.
Choroid
The Vascular (major blood vessel) central layer of the eye lying between the retina and sclera. Its function is to provide nourishment to the outer layers of the retina through blood vessels
Tapetum Lucidum
a retroflector, reflects visible light back through the retina which increases the light available to photoreceptors
Vitreous Humor
Transparent gelatinous mass, an eye must contain this or else the eye would colapse
Cones
Retinal receptor cell that provides the sharp visual acuity and color discrimination
Rods
Retinal receptor cell that works at low light levels
Major Functions of the Endocrine system
The endocrine system influences the ativity of muscles and glands via electrochemical impulses delivered by neurons, and those organs respond within milleseconds. Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by cells to extracellular fluids. These messengers travel through the blood and regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body.
Major Glands/Organs o/ Endocrine System
Adrenal Cortex
Pancreas
Parathyroid
Testes
Thyroid
Ovaries
Posterior Pituitary
Pineal Gland
Anterior Pituitary
Thymus
Major Hormones/ Target Cells/ Functions
Cortisol (glucocorticoids)
Protien & Lipids
functions to reduce inflimmation
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
Mineral Ions
helps regulate the concentration of mineral ions in the body
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Osteoclats
controls calcium in the blood
Epine/Norepinephrine
receptive sex hormones
regulate the growth and activity of testosterone
Insulin
Beta (male) Cells
triggers the absorption of glucose
Glucagon
Alpha Cells
produces hormone glucagone
Testosterone
Produce hormone glucagone
causes growth increases in strength in the bones and muscles including growth of the long bone
Estrogen
Sex development cells
develops female secondary sex hormones
Progesterone
Sex Development cells (female)
developes female sex hormones
Melatonin
Ovaries
maintain conditions in the human body to develop a fetus
Thymosin
Retina
helps to regulate the human sleep-wake system
Growth Hormone
T cells
protect the body from pathogen
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Bone and Muscle Cells
stimulates growth, repair, and reproduction
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid gland
responsible for the stimulation of the thyroid gland
Follicle
Adrenal Cortex
outer part of the adrenal gland which produces hormones
Prolactin
Follicle cells
stimulates follicle cells of the gonads to product gametes
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Mammary Glands
effects mammary glands to produce breast mik
Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin ADH)
Gonds
produce sex hormones
Calcitonin
Celluar Cavity
T3 and T4 cells work together to regulate body's metabolic state
Diseases Associated With the Endocrine System
Hypophysectomy
Surgical removal of the pituitary gland
Prolactinoma
Pituitary gland tumor
Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth
Thyroid Storm
A sudden and dangerous increase in all of the manifestations of hyperthyroidism due to excessive amounts of circulating The Signs include fever rapid heart rate high blood pressure dehydration, nervousness, and tremors. Precipitating factors include severe infection, excessive intake of TH supplements, or trauma.
Galatorrhea
Inappropriate lactation (discharge of milk from the nipple). May occur in women who are not breastfeeding, and in men. Usually due to excess prolactin.