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The Eye and Endocrine System by: Julia Marousek (names of the hormones…
The Eye and Endocrine System by: Julia Marousek
Major structures and
functions of the eye
lens
change shape to precisely focus light on the retina
cornea
forms a window that lets light enter the eye
retina
converts light energy
ciliary body
process
secrete the fluid that fills the cavity of the anterior segment of the eyeball
zonule
encircles the lens and helps hold it in its upright position
muscle
control lens shape
sclera
protects and shapes the eyeball and provides a sturdy anchoring site for the extrinsic eye muscles
iris
allows light to enter the eye
conjunctiva
transparent mucous membrane
vitreous body
holds the neural layer of the retina firmly against the pigmented layer
choroid
helps absorb light, preventing it from scattering and reflecting within the eye
Major functions of the endocrine system
Maintenance of electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of the blood
Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance
Mobilization of body defenses
Reproduction
Growth and development
Major glands/organs and their
functions
parathyroid gland
regulate calcium levels
thymus
produces and secretes thymosin, a hormone necessary for T cell development and production
thyroid gland
controls much of the body's metabolism
adrenal glands
pituitary gland
secrete hormones into your bloodstream
pancreas
hypothalamus
releases hormones and regulates body temperature
gonads
ovary
testis
pineal gland
produces melatonin
names of the hormones produced and their target organs along with functions
growth hormone (GH)
bone and muscle cells
stimulates growth, repair, and reproduction
thyroid-stimulating (TSH)
thyroid gland
stimulates thyroid gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
adrenal cortex
produce hormones
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
follicle cells
produce gametes
luteinizing hormone (LH)
gonads
produce sex hormones
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
kidneys and sweat glands
releases milk when breastfeeding
thyroid hormone (TH)
cellular activity
regulate body's metabolic rate
oxytocin
unterine contraction
prevent water loss in body
calcitonin
calcuim ions
absorbs calcium into matrix of bones
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
calcium ions
control calcium in blood
cortisol
proteins and lipids
reduce inflammation
aldosterone
mineral ions
regulate mineral ions in body
epinephrine/norepinephrine
cells receptive to male hormones
regulate growth and activity of testosterone
insulin
beta cells
absorbs glucose
glucagon
alpha cells
produce glucagon
testosterone
muscles, bones, organs, and hair follicles
growth and strength in bones and muscles
estrogen
ovaries
produces secondary sex hormones
progesterone
ovaries
support fetus and maintain condition
melatonin
retina
regulates sleep-wake cycle
thymosin
T cells
protects body from pathogens
Diseases
associated with the endocrine system
Addison's disease
insufficient adrenal cortex hormones
acromegaly
overgrowth of flat bones
osteitis fibrosis cystica
formation of cysts in bone
diabetes mellitus
deficiency of insulin or sensitivity to insulin
tetany
deficiency of parathyroid hormone
dwarfism
insufficient growth hormone