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The Eye and The Endocrine System Julianna Soto Period 2 (Major…
The Eye and The Endocrine System
Julianna Soto
Period 2
Major structures/
functions of the eye
Sclera
protects eye and gives its shape
Lens
focusing images from the environment onto the retina of the eye
Pupil
enlarges to allow light; constricts
Tapetum Lucidum
reflect light onto the retina in levels of low light
Fat Tissue/adipose Tissue
cushions and protects eye
optic nerve
takes images received by retina; transmit to brain
Choroid
houses blood vessels to bring oxygen and nutrients to the eye
cornea
allows light pass onto the eye
ciliary body
controls size of lens
Iris
controls amount of light that enters the eye
Vitreous Humor
helps maintain the shape of the eye
Major functions of the endocrine system
produce and secrete hormones
Regulate metabolism
Acts via hormones into blood
produce hormones and lack ducts
hormones/target organs along with functions
oxytocin
estrogen
(Gonads,Skin) stimulates egg maturation,controls secondary sex characteristics
progesterone
(Mammary glands); prepares the uterus to receive fertilized egg
testosterone
(vesicles,prostate seminal) ;stimulates secondary sexual development
(AP)Prolactin(PRL)
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Insulin ( PI)
target many organs; triggers absorption of glucose from blood into cells
Glucagon (PI)
(Liver,Adipose T); increases blood sugar by stimulating breakdown of the glycogen in the liver
(AP)Luteinizing Hormone (ADH)
(ovaries,testes);stimulates gonads to produce sex hormones
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Cortisol (glucocorticoids)
(liver and Muscles); breakdown proteins and lipids to produce glucose;
reduce inflammation
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
(kidneys); regulate concentration of mineral ions in the body
(AM) Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
(Heart,Bronchioles,Blood vessels); help increase the flow of blood to the brain and muscles
(bone,small intestine,kidneys);stimulates osteoclasts to breakdown the calcium containing bone matrix
tiggers uterine contration during childbirth;release of breast milk
Antiduretic hormone (ADH)
prevents water loss in the body; increasing water in kidneys; reducing blood flow to sweat glands
(AP) Growth Hormone (GH)
(bones and muscles)stimulates target cell growth,repair and reproduction
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
(thyroid); responsible for stimulation of the thyroid gland
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Major glands/organs and their
functions
Anterior Pituitary
ovaries,testes,adrenal cortex,thyroid
regulate stress,growth,reproduction and lactation
Posterior Pituitary
mammary glands,uterus
help regulate the other functions of the endocrine glands
Adrenal Gland
kidneys
produce hormones
Thyroid
most organs
helps regulate body functions such as releasing steady amount of thyroid hormones into bloodstream
pineal gland
hypothalamus,brain,anterior pituitary
produce melatonin,help maintain circadian rhythm
Parathyroid Gland
bone,small intestine,kidneys
level of calcium in blood
Gonads
sex organs
produce gametes for reproduction and secrete sex hormones
Hypothalamus
pituitary,thyroid
control certain metabolic processes;nervous system
Diseases
associated with the endocrine system.
Cushing syndrome
excess cortisol in the body
Cone syndrome
excessive secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands.
Addison disease
long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones
Diabetes insipidus
large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst.