Eye and Endocrine System
Major Glands/Organs and Function:
Major Functions of the Endocrine System:
Eye: Structure and Function:
Disease Associated with Endocrine System:
Ciliary Body: colored part of the eye
Adipose tissue:Outer layer to once again protect the eye
Optic Nerve: carry the signal from the retina to the brain
Vitreous Humor: fluid to create protection within the eye
Lens: focuses light race to create clear vision of distant images that the eye captures
Extrintic Remnant Muscle: move the eye around to help create the image
Retina: convert light into neural signals and send the signals to the brain for visual recognition
Choroid: the middle layer between the sclera and Retina It brings oxygen and nutrients to the eye through blood vessels
Sclera: outer layer of the ye to protect. Contains some collagen and elastic fibers
Tapetum Lucidum: not located in humans, but animals. The use is night vision
Iris: Responsible for controlling diameter and size of the pupil
Cornea: Clear, protective outer layer to protect against outside particles
Hormone Produced, Target Organs and Function:
Thalamus: correlates several important processes, including consciousness, sleep and sensory interpretation
Anterior Pituitary Gland: produces hormones and releases them into the blood stream
Hypothalamus: direct control of the endocrene system through the pituitary gland
Posterior Pitituitary Gland: release oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
Kidney: remove waste and extra water from the blood to form urine
Pancreas: releases the horme of insulin and glucagon through Beta and Alpha cells.
Graves Disease: where signaling occurs in the thalamus making it to continue on and increasing the release of different hormones. No negative feedback loop from the anterior pitituitary gland
Thyroid-stimulation Hormone(TSH):
Luteinizing:
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH):
Growth Hormone:
Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH):
Antidiuretic Hormone ( ADH):
Prolactin(PRL):
Pineal: produces meatonin, helps maintain cicadian rhythm and regulate reproductive hormones
Thymus: generate mature T lymphocytes
Adrenal Cortex: produce hormones that are vital to life
Testis: secrete testosterone, a hormone that is vital to normal development of male physical characteristics
Ovary: produce and release eggs into the female reproductive tract
thyroid gland
stimulates secretion of thyroid homones
mammry glands
stimulates mammar glands of the brest to produce milk
bones and muscles
Promotes growth, control of protein and carbohydrates
Adrenal Gland
stimulates adrenal cortex, outer part of adrenal galnd, to produce its hormone
Ovary and Testes
produce gametes, ova in female sperm in male
Hormone
function
target
ovary and testes
produce sex hormone, estorgen and testosterone
Kidney
prevents water loss in body by increasing re-uptake of water in kidney and reducing blood flow to sweat glands
Oxytocin:
Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4):
ovary and testes
uterine contractions during child birth and the release of milk during breast
all cells in the body
regulate body's metabolic rate, increase levels of t3 and t4 which increases cellular activity and energy usuage in body
calcitonin:
skeleton
reduce concentration of calcium ions in blood
Cortisol (glucocorticoids):
Parathyroid (PTH):
Aldosterone:
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine:
Insulin:
int/ant-erior pitituiary gland
reduce inflamation and immune response, breakdown of proteins and lipids to produce glucose
Kidney
helps regulate concentration of mineral ions in the body
increase the flow of blood to the brain and muscles to improve "fight or flight" response to stress
bone and muscle
triggers absorption of glucose from the blood into cells
blood
bone
secrete for bone remodling
Glucagon:
Testosterone:
muscle and liver
triggers muscle and liver cells to break down the polysaccharide glycogen to release glucose into the blood stream
bones and muscle
causes growth and increase in strenght of the bones and muscles
Estrogen:
Progesterone:
increase growth of bones during
uterus and breast
maintains appropreate conventions in the human body to support developing fetus
overies
Melatonin:
Thymosin:
increase melatoin production causes hormones to fell drowsy and hight
hypothalamus
go protect the body from pathogens throughout a person's entire life
T cells
Addison's disease: adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones
Cushing Syndrome: excessive cortisol or tumor that grows upon the excessive cortisol
Diabetes: Blood glucose or blood sugar levels are two high
Type 1: body does not make enough insulin
Type 2: does not use insulin properly
Resit Stress
Maintain pH and body fluid balance
Use food to produce Energy
Regulate Reproduction
Regulate Growth