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R-Politics 1865-77 (Johnson (Radical Reconstruction (Tenure of Office act…

- - - - neer more then 20,000 troops in the whole of the south
      - gov often corrupt with new officials from the North called 'carpet baggers' and Southerners who helped them called Scalawags after low quality farm animals
        
        Southern whites who formed coalitions wiht freedmen and Northerners to take control of local gov
      - Carpetbaggers were supported by the Us army and had the real control
      - Most Southern whites detested the Republican newcomers and throught they were set on destroying there way of life
    - - 1869 'The right to vote should not be denied on account of race , colour or preious servitude'
  - - - Speculators (risk investors with market experties) tried to manipulate the gold market
      - Led to financial panic 24 th September 1869- Black Friday
      - Grant was assosiated with Gould and Fisk prior to the scandel
    - - distillers, distributors and public officials tried to defraud the federal gov of millions in liquor tax
      - Grants private secretayr orville Babcock was indicted but later with help from the President was aquitted
  - - - Withdraw troops from south
      - depart the carpetbaggers
      - end Republican attempts to modernise the politics gov and racism of the South
- - - - 1 execution
      - No redistribution of property
    - - Not trying to economically exploit the south
      - Some were corrupt and accepted bribes but this was common place in the USA
    - - Tenessee under Democratic rule as early as 1869 and by 1876 only Louisiana , Florida and South Carolina were still under republican Rule but this was changed by the compromise of 1877
    - - did temporarily lose control of the Southern states
      - after 1865 there was major fall in the political influence of the South in the USA
      - 1788-1860 Southeners held the presidency for 50 yrs and dominated the supream court
      - In the 50 yrs 1864-1914 only 1 southern president and only 7/31 supream court judges weere southern
      - Culturally and politically distant hello
  - - - 1867-73 the US prosperity from high coton prices benefitted the North and the South
      - Railroads were built and textile manifacture expanded
    - - 1870 the Southerners income 2/5 of northeners
      - predominently agricultural south relied on cotton plantations
      - Glut in cotton in early 1870s led to a sharp fall in prices and harder times
  - - - After the civil war there was the emancipation of about 4 million slaves
      - In South Carolina and Missippi the blacks were the majoirity electorate
      - 2 black senators and 20 black Representetives elected to congress
      - Overal very little influence due to them being the minority and the Republic party putting forward white candidates as a way to gain white votes
    - - Major critisism that little or no land given to the ex-slaves
      - summer 1865 Johnson ordered all land to be returned to the pardoned Southeners
      - Did have more control over there lives as sharecroppers- with white land owners providing the land seeds and machienery
        
        freedom from day to day supervision
        
        fall in cotton in early 1870's resulted in economic hardship for sharecroppers
      - Major land redistribution was never realistic due to the sacrosinct nature of property in the USA
      - Taking land off the southeners would only achive permenant alienation
      - AA favoured segregation
    - - failed to garuntee AA civil rights
      - 2nd class citizens
      - late 19th C every state introduced segregation and Jim crow Laws
      - Seperate but equal in theory but was not the truth with facilities inferior to the whites
      - Due to the black institutions it provided leadership roles and more doctors teachers and lawyers
      - Inferior schools was better than no schools at all
    - - Klan set up in 1866 intimidated the AA into not voting through lynching and beatings
      - Peaked between 69-71
      - Black in public office , blck schools and chruches were targets
      - even when arrested the witnesses were to afraid totestify and the Klansmen could be on the jury
      - White league and Colfax massacre 1873
  - - - Stampp argued the South got of lightly and the real villian were th KK and Johns while the heros were the RAdical Republicans who fought for the AA - the losers of reconstruction
    - - Republican rule was labeled 'black reconstruction'
      - terrible time for southeners and johnson was a hero while the radical rebublicans were the villans