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Unit 2 (Target 3: Models of particle Arrangements (Molecules (a group of…
Unit 2
Target 3: Models of particle Arrangements
Molecules
a group of atoms- like Salt, Water, Bleach
Elements
The simplest form of a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical or physical means Example: GOLD, SILVER, PLATINUM, HYDROGEN
Atoms
Smallest form of a substance
Compounds
Two or more elements that are chemically combined: Example water, hydrogen peroxide, salt and sugar
Target 6&7
Naming Rules & Particle Diagrams
Ionic Particle diagram:
Na2 + Cl = Na2Cl MUST BE BALANCED CHEMICAL Charge
Molecular:
DOES NOT HAVE TO BE BALANCED. Example: Na6CL10 or Hexasodium Decachloride.
Polyatomic:
NH3CL= NH3+Cl or Ammonium Chlorite LIKE IONIC PARTICLE IT MUST BE A BALANCED EQUATION
Steps for solving equation:
STEPS
Identify the cation.
Write the correct formula and charge for the cation.
Identify the anion.
Write the correct formula and charge for the anion.
Combine the cation and anion to produce an electrically neutral compound. ...
Make sure that the subscripts for the cation and anion are the smallest whole number ratio.
Target 1-
Electrostatic Charge
as a newly observed property
-Plum Putting model
If a object is positive and near a negative- Will attract
If a Positive and Positive- will repulse
If a negative and positive- will attract
negative and positive will repulse
Attraction between objects with opposite charge
Attraction between a neutral and charged objects
Repulsion between objects wth same charge
Thomson's Experiment:
What was believed at the time was radically different once Thomson debuted his new model. His Belief at the time was that the atom was a plum putting with the raisins as a electron or charged particle.
New Atomic Model-
this was where instead of using circles we were using the plum pudding and the dots... this was when atomic elements were found to both have a charge- and in some cases- such as Neon Gas, glow in a color.
Target 2
- Utilize difference in electrical conductivity to distinguish between:
Types of Compounds
Ionic Compounds:
Compounds that have a charge- like Sodium Chloride, Hydrogen peroxide, Carbon Dioxide, Iron II
Molecular/Covalent Compounds
Non charged compounds. such as Sodium Pentahydroxide, Calicum DIoxide, Monosodium oxide, Decahydragen hexafloride.
Electrolysis Lab:
Separated hydrogen and oxygen using electricity:
Metals:
Positively Charged- Metals include, but not limtied too, iron, aluminum, copper, cobalt, lead, gold, sliver, chromium, mercury, gallium, etc.
Non Metals:
Negatively Charged- Non Metals include most substances on the right north corner of the periodic table, including hydrogen and oxygen
Charged Par
Ions:
Charged atoms that are connected like NaCl
Atoms:
Smallest building block of any element or object
Electrons:
Negatively Charged Particles
Target 4-
connections between particle arrangement and properties of substance**
State of Matter at Room Temperature:
Ionic and metal are normally solid at room temperature. Non metals are normally liquid or solid and covalent are either liquid or gas.
Melting & Boiling Point
Metals
: Very High: Ionic: High/ Very High, Molcular Mid Range and covelent Low to very low
Conductivity:
how well something can conduct electricity. Such as an element or atom that can conduct electricity.
Target 5:
Type and quantity of charge carried by particles.
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