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Successes and failures of Industrialisation (Successes (The Five Year…
Successes and failures of Industrialisation
Successes
The Five Year Plans created a modern armaments industry. These factories and the weapons they produced were crucial in defeating Nazi Germany in the Second World War
The Plans increased the size of the Working Class and tuned the Soviet Union into a more urbanised society
Advances were made in transport. There was a large expansion of the railway and canal networks, allowing goods to be transported more efficiently
Heavy industry was the biggest success. In the space of 12 years, oil output had more than doubled, and coal, iron, electricity and steel production had multiplied
There were some gains for the workers. Unemployment vanished. Cheap meals were provided in factory canteens. Those workers were lucky enough to be categorised as Stakhanovites benefited from improved wages and living conditions
In 1927 Russia produced 3 million tonnes of steel, in 1940 they produced 18 million tonnes
In 1927 Russia produced 18 million kWH of Electricity, in 1940 they produced 90 million kWH
In 1927 Russia produced 12 million tonnes of oil, in 1940 they produced 26 million tonnes
In 1927 Russia produced 35 million tonnes of coal, in 1940 they produced 150 million tonnes
failures
quality of goods was low in factories as quantity was more important than quality.
there was lots of waste and lack of transport with the organization being unplanned, resulting in goods being stored on sight with them decaying and not being used.
targets met by Gosplan were unrealistic and were often lead to bribery and steal things so the factories had what they needed and if the targets were not met they could be imprisonment.
during the building of the White Sea Canal 12,000 slaves from the gulags died out of 100,000.
Due to high production expectancy workers would often lie about their production number to prevent them from going to prison making the numbers unreliable.
the lives of ordinary people were not improved with millions of peasants and workers arriving into towns with little storage .
during 1928-1941 there were shortages in clothes shoes and furniture with Stalin prioritizing heavy industrial products and standing for hours in shop queues became regular.
difficult working conditions with 7 days and normally long hours, with no basic safety there were often accidents and internal passports were created to stop workers from moving town to town looking for better paid jobs.