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LEADERSHIP (Contingency Theory (Fiedler contingency model = The theory…
LEADERSHIP
Contingency Theory
Fiedler contingency model = The theory that effective groups depend on a proper match between a leader’s style of interacting with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader.
leader–member relations = The degree
of confidence, trust, and respect
subordinates have in their leader.
Task structure is the degree to which the job assignments are procedurized (that is, structured or unstructured).
Position power is the degree of influence a leader has over power variables such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases.
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Trait Theories of leadership = Theories that consider personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from nonleaders
behavioral theories of leadership = Theories proposing that specific behaviors differentiate leaders from nonleaders.
employee-oriented leader = A leader who emphasizes interpersonal relations, takes a personal interest in the needs of employees, and accepts individual differences among members.
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path–goal theory = A theory that states that it is the leader’s job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization.
leader–member exchange (LMX) = theory A theory that supports leaders’ creation of in-groups and out-groups; subordinates with in-group status will have higher performance ratings, less turnover, and greater job satisfaction.
leader-participation model = A leadership theory that provides a set of rules to determine the form and amount of participative decision making in different situations.
transactional leaders = Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements
charismatic leadership theory = A leadership theory that states that followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors.
Example : John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr. Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, Mary Kay Ash (founder of Mary Kay Cosmetics), and Steve Jobs (co-founder of Apple Computer)
transformational leaders = Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self interests and who are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on followers.
authentic leaders = Leaders who know who they are, know what they believe in and value, and act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly. Their followers would consider them to be ethical people.
socialized charismatic leadership = A leadership concept that states that leaders convey values that are other centered versus self centered and who role-model ethical conduct
identification-based trust = Trust based on a mutual understanding of each other’s intentions and appreciation of each other’s wants and desires
attribution theory of leadership = A leadership theory that says that leadership is merely an attribution that people make about other individuals
servant leadership = A leadership style marked by going beyond the leader’s own self-interest and instead focusing on opportunities to help followers grow and develop. .
trust = A positive expectation that another will not act opportunistically.
neutralizers = Attributes that make it impossible for leader behavior to make any difference to follower outcomes.
substitutes = Attributes, such as experience and training, that can replace the need for a leader’s support or ability to create structure.
mentor = A senior employee who sponsors and supports a less experienced employee, called a protégé.