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Tissues Part One. (Structural Characteristics Common to Epithelia (Special…
Tissues Part One.
Structural Characteristics Common to Epithelia
Celluarity
: Cells are close together
Special Contacts
Tight Junctions
: Found in the apical region, prevents leaking between cells.
Desmosomes
: Located on lateral surfaces (the sides) resists pulling, strongest connection between cells.
Gap Junctions
: Doors in the cells. Directly connects the cytoplasm of cells to allow for various molecules, and ions to pass directly through.
Polarity
: The two ends of a cell are different. Apical Region vs. Basal Region.
Supported by Connective Tissue
: Deep to the Basement Membrane is the connective tissue.
Avascularity
: No blood vessels.
Innvervation
: Nerves are present.
Regeneration
: Ability to create more new cells. Regrows. Renews.
Types of Epithelial Tissue
Simple vs. Stratified
: Simple means one layer, stratified means multiple layers on top of each other.
Squamous
Flat.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
: Located in the Mesentery. Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration. Secretes lubricating substances. Serous Membrane.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
: Lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina. Epidermis of the skin. Provides protection against abrasion.
Cuboidal
: square shaped.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
: Located in ducts, and secretory portions of small glands, and in kidney tubules. Designed to secrete and absorb.
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
: Located in the sweat glands, salivary glands, and the mammary glands. Protective tissue.
Columnar
: Rectangular shaped columns. Can be but is not always ciliated.
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
: Located in the male urethra and the ducts of some glands. Secretion and protection.
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
: Ciliated tissue lined the trachea, and much of the upper respiratory tract. Secretes mucus, ciliated tissues moves mucus. Connected to the same basal layer, but looks stratified.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
: Smooth, non-ciliated tissues are in the digestive tract. Ciliated tissues can be found in the small intestine. Absorbs. Goblet cells secrete mucus, for protection and lubrication.
Transitional
: Stratified. Lines the Urinary Bladder, Urethra, and the Uterus. Allows the organs to expand and stretch. Protection.
Glands
: Cells that produce and secrete something.
Exocrine Glands
: Composed of Epithelial Cells. Secreted onto a surface or into a lumen.
Exocrine
: Sweat, Tears, Mammary (Milk)
Secretions
Apocrine, Merocrine, and Holocrine.
Merocrine
: Sweat is an example of a merocrine secretion.
Apocrine
: Mammary Glands (milk) are an example of an Apocrine secretion.
Holocrine
: sebaceous glands are an example of a holocrine secretion.
Histology
: The study of Tissues. Study of microscopic Anatomy.
Types of Tissues
: There are four major tissue types. Nervous Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Connective Tissue, and Epithelial Tissue.
Connective Tissues
: Cells are not close together, and are separated by an extracellular matrix. Examples include bone, tendons, and fat (adipose) and other padding tissue.
Muscle Tissue
: cells are close together. They are excitable, can be simulated to move, thereby moving the bones. Examples include Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle, Skeletal Muscle.
Epithelial Tissue
: Tissue that covers, or lines parts of our bodies. Cells are very close together. Examples include our skin, blood vessels, and hollow organs.
Nervous Tissue
: In charge of bodily communication and control. Examples include brain, spinal cord, and nerves.