Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Energy Metabolism: Respiration (Respiratory Quotient (Seeds RQ value is…
Energy Metabolism: Respiration
Fermentation of alcoholic beverages
Beer
Made by fermenting starchy cereal grains
Barley is most common
Grains germinate in water
Starch to glucose
Hops added so beer is not sweet
Malt is sprouted dried barley
Malt give beer its bitter flavor
Malt sometimes replaced by potatoes ($)
Wine
Fermented fruit juices
First produced 6000 BCE
white wines fermented 10-15
red wines fermented 25-30
USA alcohol 12-14%
production
Champagne produce in Champagne france
prosecco produced in italy
ethonal +wine =fortified wine
Spirits
Ethanol content above 20%
Distillation heats heats the solution
whiskey
Irish and scotch use malted barley
american uses corn, rye and wheat
tequila
fermented juices of agave
agave stores carbs not starches
Warnings
BAC
0.08 is drunk
0.4 is usually fatal
0.02 interferes with coordination
Methyl alcohol is toxic
bodies convert to formaldehyde
Isopropyl alcohol
converted to acetone in body
ethanol
effect is dependent on body
addictive to many people
Can harm fetuses
Respiratory Quotient
Ratio of CO2 liberated to O
Glucose RQ: 1.0
Acids have high RQ
Fatty acids have low RQ
RQ values used to measure gases
Seeds RQ value is low
as seeds germinate RQ goes up
total energy yield of respiration
anaerobic glycolysis produces 4 ATP
aerobic glycolysis produces 2-5 ATP
Citric acid cycle produces 24 ATPS
Pentose phosphate makes
2 NADPH
6 NADPH
Types of respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Glucose broken down by glycolysis
ATP phosphorolates glucose to glucose-6-phosphate
In cytosol produces alcohol and lactic acid
in mitochondria 34 ADP to ATP
Aerobic respiration
Requires oxygen
Oxygen accepts electron
Oxygen requires no atp consumption
Oxygen is inexpensive
3 parts
glycolysis
Produces ATP and NADH
Occurs in cytosol and plastids
NADH oxidized to NAD+
The citric acid cycle
Hans Kreb
Pyruvate transport
Produce CO2 and NADH
Only one step makes ATP
Electron transport train
Contained in Mitochondrial Membrane
NADH diffuses to the membrane
Passes e- to a protien with FMN
NADH oxidized to NAD+
FMN is reduces
O adds 2+ and becomes H2O
Heat Generating Respiration
Energy lost during Respiration
Heat lost maintains body temp
Some plants make a lot of heat
Electron carriers do not interfere with CN N3- or CO
Most energy conserved by ATP
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
(start) five-carbon sugars (pentoses)
ends with erythrose and ribose
Erythrose synthesizes many compounds
begins with glucose6-phosphate
releases CO2
produce NADPH
Many reactants are the same as glycolysis
Occurs in cytosol and plastids
Respiration of Lipids
Lipids broken down
Glycerol and 3 Fatty acids
Fatty acids broken down
Acetyl CoA
Used for synthesis of Carbs
May enter CAC and be respired
Broken down by Beta-oxidation
glycerol phosphate and 2 fatty acids
Photorespiration
RUBP carboxylase adds O
3-phosphoglycerate
phosphoglycolate
Transported to microbodies
environmental and internal factors
Temperature
Influence respiration in plants
Temp changes day to night for plants
increase of 10 doubles respiration rate
below 5 respiration decreases
Above 40 respiration decrease
Lack of oxygen
Plants require less O than Humans
as little as 1-2% O
Oxygen not produced at night
Oxygen for roots is more variable
Oxygen is less available after rain
Internal Regulation
active metabolism makes cells use aerobic
Meristematic cells use pentose phosphate pathway
produce ribose
Chloroplasts produce a lot of ATP
Seeds become dormant when mature