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Ch. 11 Respiration (Types of Respiration (Anaerobic Respiration…
Ch. 11 Respiration
Types of Respiration
Heating-Generating Respiration
body temperature
plants produce better than human
NADH converts to heat
studied through cyanide
poisons aerobic respiration
also called Thermogenic Respiration
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
important source for fundamental compunds
synthetic pathway is more important than respiratory energy
occurs in:
cytosol and plastids
Aerobic Respiration
glycolysis
first in anaerobic too :open_mouth:
produces:
ATP
NADH
NAD+
occurs in:
cytosol
plastids
respiration with oxygen
respiration with oxygen
Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle
Benefit
MORE ATP :smiley:
Respiration of Lipids
fatty acids broken down
by acetyl CoA
synthesis of carbs
or enters citric acid cycle
Anaerobic Respiration
glycolysis
breaks down glucose
lactic acid build up
respiration without oxygen
Produces ATP & NADH
Photorespiration
occurs when RuBP carboxylase adds oxygen
wastes 30%of energy from photosynthesis
Respiratory Quotient
indicator of the type of substrate being respired
helps measure amounts of gases exchanged
respiratory metabolism
in dark
RQ= low
RQ rise
photosynthesis meeting anabolic needs
extra respiration
Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages
Beer
fermenting starchy cereal grains
wheat
corn
barely
MOST COMMON
greatest # of enzymes
= faster than others
rice
sake= fermentated
How to:
moisten grains and germinate
68oC-73oC stand for hours
Wine
fermented grapes
20-30% weight = sugar
continues as long as sugar is present
6000 BCE
15,000 varieties
Spirits
alcohol 20% ethanol
solution= toxic to yeast
distilled
alcohol content ^^^
doable because different liquids boil at diff temp
Warnings
fermentation produces ethyl alcohol
is a depressant :frowning_face:
ethanol
benefits
lowers heart disease
harms
death
DUI = 5th greatest cause of death
can be used as a cleaner
Environmental and Internal Factors
Lack of Oxygen
plants
1-2% maintain full respiration
HYPOXIA
Lesser amounts of oxygen
ANOXIA
no oxygen :forbidden:
Temperature
increase 10oC doubles respiration rate
Below 50oC respiration decreases
Above 30oCincreases
above 40oC respiration decreases
Internal Regulation
different cells have different respiration rate
mature embryo
respiration decrease
fruit maturation
respiration remains steady
mature fruit
respiration bursts
seeds with dormant period
no respiration
Total Energy Yield of Respiration
Anaerobic respiration
4 ATP are synthesized
2ATP start process
NET ATP =2
Aerobic respiration
glycolysis yields 2 ATP
2 NADH
36 ATP TOTAL
