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Topic 5 (Disease caused by deficiency of nutrient (Rickets/osteomalacia -…
Topic 5
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What is Health?
- The World Health Organisation (WHO) is responsible for coordinating ways to improve health across the world and also it is simply feeling well, it is the state of complete physical, social and mental well- being.
Physical well - being
- being away from disease .
- Eating and sleeping well
- Regular exercise and limit in-taking harmful substances such as drugs + alcohol.
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Mental well - being
- how well you feel about yourself.
Correlation between health and income suggests that smaller someone's income., less likely to live for a long time.
- disasters
- war
- few doctors.+ hospitals
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Communicable disease - Disease caused by pathogens that can be passed from an infected person to other people.
Non - communicable disease - disease not passed from person to person , but caused by a problem in the body such as a fault in genes or as a result of way we live.
Why diseases have a correlation?
- one disease damages the immune system , making it easier for other pathogens to cause diseases.
- A disease damages the natural barrier or the defences in our body, allowing pathogens to enter more easily.
- A disease stops an organ system from working effectively making other dieses more likely to occur.
Non communicable diseases
- Genetic disorder caused by faulty alleles of genes. (can be passed on to offspring but not others.
- Malnutrition - occurs when you get too little or too much of particular nutrients from your food. The lack of a certain nutrient can cause specific deficiency diseases.
Alcohol and Disease
- Ethanol found in alcohol drinks,is a drug.
- Ethanol broken down by the liver and if large amounts are taken it can lead to liver disease.: Cirrhosis
- A Cirrhotic liver does not function well so can lead to death.
What is obesity?
- Large amounts of fat are formed under the skin and around organs : heart + kidneys.
What is cardiovascular Disease?
- Is the result of the circulatory system functioning poorly.
- e.g high blood pressure, lead to heart pain or even a heart attack.
BMI - Body Mass Index - to measure the amount of fat around the body.
Waist : hip ratio - Dividing waist measurements by the hip measurements , better than BMI - it is a good indicator of visceral fat. Fat which resides in the abdominal area is more closely linked to chronic diseases
Smoking and Disease
- How can smoking lead to cardiovascular disease?
- Tobacco smoke contains harmful substances that can damage the lungs when they are breathed in.
- These substances are absorbed by the lungs into the blood + transported around the body.
- These, damage blood vessels because substances from tobacco smoke damage the artery lining.
- Fat builds up in the artery wall at the site of damage, making the artery narrower.
- Due to increase in blood pressure + increase the risk of blood clots , which break or block an artery in another part of the body - causing heart attack or a stroke.
Treating Cardiovascular Disease
- Increase in blood pressure - exercise
- If it is very high, the patient is given medicines to reduce it.
- Stenting can be done to widen the narrow blood vessel to hold it open.
- Blocked arteries in heart are bypassed by inserting blood vessels so heart tissue is supplied with oxygen + nutrients.
- medicines intake to prevent a heart attack or stroke.
Communicable disease
- Cholera - Bacteria - severe diarrhoea
- Tuberculosis - Bacteria - infects + damages the lungs - resulting blood specked mucus - weight loss , coughing, fever
- Chalara Dieback disease - ash trees caused by fungus..................