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physics- forces revision (scalars (temperature, eg 10 degrees Celsius (°C)…
physics- forces revision
scalars
temperature, eg 10 degrees Celsius (°C)
mass, eg 5 kilograms (kg)
energy, eg 2,000 joules (J)
distance, eg 19 metres (m)
speed, eg 8 metres per second (m/s)
density, eg 1,500 kilograms per metre cubed (kg/m³)
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vectors
force, eg 20 newtons (N) to the left
displacement, eg 50 kilometres (km) east
velocity, eg 11 metres per second (m/s) upwards
acceleration, eg 9.8 metres per second squared (m/s²) downwards
momentum, eg 250 kilogram metres per second (kg m/s) south west
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The direction of a vector can be given in a written description, or drawn as an arrow. The length of an arrow represents the magnitude of the quantity
forces
The resultant force is a single force that has the same effect as two or more forces acting together. You can easily calculate the resultant force of two forces that act in a straight line.
Two forces that act in the same direction produce a resultant force that is greater than either individual force. Simply add the magnitudes of the two forces together.
Two forces that act in opposite directions produce a resultant force that is smaller than either individual force. It is often easiest to subtract the magnitude of the smaller force from the magnitude of the larger force.
Free body diagrams are used to describe situations where several forces act on an object. Vector diagrams are used to resolve (break down) a single force into two forces acting at right angles to each other.
contact forces
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Reaction force
An object at rest on a surface experiences reaction force. For example, a book on a table.
Tension
An object that is being stretched experiences a tension force. For example, a cable holding a ceiling lamp.
Friction
Two objects sliding past each other experience friction forces. For example, a box sliding down a slope.
Air resistance
An object moving through the air experiences air resistance. For example, a skydiver falling through the air.
non-contact forces
Non-contact forces are forces that act between two objects that are not physically touching each other.
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Electrostatic force
An electrostatic force is experienced by any charged particle in an electric field.
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