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Network Communications Standards (ETHERNET (Ethernet is the technology…
Network Communications Standards
ETHERNET
Ethernet is the technology that is most commonly used in wired local area networks (LANs).
A LAN is a network of computers and other electronic devices that covers a small area such as a room, office or building.
Ethernet is a network protocol that controls how data is transmitted over a LAN. It is referred to as the IEEE 802.3 protocol.
Many people have used Ethernet technology their whole lives knowing it. It is most likely that any wired network in your office, at the bank, and at home is an Ethernet LAN. Most laptop computers come with an integrated Ethernet card inside so they are ready to connect to an Ethernet LAN.
TOKEN RING
A Token ring network is a local network (LAN) which all computers are connected in a ring or star topology and pass one or more logical tokens from host to host. Token ring networks prevent data packets from colliding on a network segment because data can only be sent by a token holder and the number of tokens available is controlled.
The most broadly deployed token ring protocols were IBM’s, released in the mid- 1980’s, and the standardized in the late 1980s. The IEEE standard version provides for data transfer rates of 4, 16 or 100.
Token ring once widely used on LANs, but has been nearly entirely displace by Ethernet because of the pricing. Token ring products was tend to be more expensive than Ethernet at similar speeds. Later on, the development of Ethernet switching and full duplex links, which eliminated collisions as a practical concern in most situations.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are two distinct computer network protocols. TCP and IP are commonly used together, however, that TCP/IP has become standard terminology for referring to this suite of protocols.
TCP divides a message or file into packets that are transmitted over the internet and then reassembled when they reach their destination.
IP is responsible for the address of each packet so that it gets to the correct destination.
The average person on the internet works in a predominately TCP/IP environment. Web browsers, for example use TCP/IP to communicate with web servers. The transfer of information work so seamlessly that millions of people use TCP/IP every day to send email, chat online, and play online games without ever being aware of it.
WI-FI
Computers and devices that have the appropriate wireless capability can communicate via radio waves with other computers or devices using Wi-Fi.
Wi-Fi uses techniques similar to the Ethernet standard to specify how physically to configure a wireless network.
One popular use of the Wi-Fi standard is in hot spots that offer mobile users the ability to connect to the Internet with their Wi-Fi enabled wireless computers and devices.
Many homes and small businesses also use Wi-Fi to network computers and devices together wirelessly.
BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth is a standard, specifically a protocol, that defines how two Bluetooth devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data.
To communicate with each other, Bluetooth devices often must be within about 10 meters (about 33 feet) but can be extended to 100 meters with additional equipment.
Examples of Bluetooth devices can include desktop computers, notebook computers, handheld computers, smart phones, headsets, microphones, digital cameras, GPS receivers, and printers.
UWB
UWB, which stands for ultra-wideband, is a network standard that specifies how two UWB devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds with each other.
For optimal communications, the devices should be within 2 to 10 meters (about 6.5 to 33 feet) of each other.
Examples of UWB uses include wirelessly transferring video from a digital video camera, printing pictures from a digital camera, downloading media to a portable media player, or displaying a slide show on a projector.
IrDA
Transmitting data via infrared light waves
Computer and other devices such as printer come with IrDA ports which enable them to transfer data wirelessly
Infrared requires a line-of-sight transmission
Example:Laptops, printers, and PDAs
RFID
Uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.
The tag consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the electronically-stored information to be transmitted via radio waves.
Antenna allows the RFID reader reads the radio signals and transfers the information to a computing device.
Example: Industries of automobile production-track progress
WiMAX
A newer network standard developed by IEEE that specifies how wireless devices communicate over the air in a wide area
Two types of WiMAX specifications: fixed wireless and mobile wireless
Fixed wireless WiMAX allows a customer accesses the Internet at a permanent location
Mobile wireless WiMAX enables users to access the WiMAX network with mobile computers and mobile devices
Uses of WiMAX: Internet access, Middle-mile backhaul to fibre networks, Triple-play
WAP
Technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network.Specifies how some mobile devices such as smart phones can display the content of Internet services such as the Web, e-mail, and chat rooms
To display a Web page on a smart phone, the phone should contain a WAP browser.
A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that uses the protocol.
WAP uses a client/server network. The wireless device contains the client software, which connects to the Internet access provider’s server.
Group's Member: Premsuwaatii A/P Sagardevan, Chu Li Ing, Lo Wey Seng